PHIL 170 Exam 2 Questions And Answers
Aims of Life - Answer --pleasure
-wealth
-social duty
-self-realization (moksha)
.anatman - Answer --no-self
-Buddhism denies existence of a self (permanent, substantial, essential, independent, self-identifying self)
-we still exist but as a bundle...
Aims of Life - Answer --pleasure
-wealth
-social duty
-self-realization (moksha)
.anatman - Answer --no-self
-Buddhism denies existence of a self (permanent, substantial, essential, independent,
self-identifying self)
-we still exist but as a bundle of impermanent, interdependent processes
-we are a collection of skandhas
.anatta - Answer -experience is embedded within a larger context and perception of
ourselves as sperate and independent from this context are an illusion
.anicca - Answer -nothing stays the same from moment to moment
.Atman - Answer --how god exists in each person
-divine soul
-reincarnation is based on this soul being reborn into a new body until you experience
all human life has to offer
-ultimate self
-the innermost essence of human existence
=Brahman
.Bhagavad Gita - Answer --one of Hinduism's most important texts
-takes place on a Battlefield where Arjuna refuses to fight and Lord Krishna tries to urge
him to fight
-Lesson: everyone faces difficult choices, but must act according to their dharma
-song of the lord
-delves into questions about the nature of reality
-dialogue between Arjuna and Krishna over fighting a civil war
-synthesis of Vedic, Upanishadic, and theistic thinking about the tension between one's
social duty (dharma) and spiritual request (moksha)
-Arjuna doesn't want to fight and Krishna tells him: Atman is indestructible/eternal/never
dies & no one will ever die, not fighting goes against his warrior caste (Kshatriya)
dharma, he cannot be attached to the fruits of his action & achieve niskamakarma
-without action, as a sacrifice/offering
-inaction isn't possible, we need to learn how to act in a way that maintains equanimity
& tranquility
.Bhakti Yoga - Answer --Path of Devotion
, -yoga of love to all beings
-devotion to the supreme god
.Brahman - Answer --supreme god
-all-powerful, all-knowing, all-loving, all-present, transcendent
-universal soul
-ultimate reality: that which makes us great
-not finite, not limited, not conditioned, not qualified, not conceivable, not graspable, not
changeable
.Buddha - Answer --Siddhartha Gautama (566-486 BCE)
-Home Life: life of luxury & comfort; ends with four sights
-Spiritual: life of spiritual wonderer (Forrest Dweller); marked with extreme ascetic
practices; ends with awakening
-Teaching: demonstrates compassion toward all sentient beings
-means "awakened one"
-awakened fully to the final, liberating truth of things, the "way things really are" as a
human being
.caste system - Answer -social hierarchy: Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, Shudras
.causation - Answer --fundamental principle of Buddhism = dependent origination
-everything originates from dependence on other things (casual connections, radical
interdependence, dynamic interconnection, tied to impermanence)
.dependent origination - Answer --aka Twelve-Fold Chain of Causation
1) ignorance
2) formation
3) consciousness
4) mind & body
5) six senses
6) contract
7) sensation/feeling
8) thirst/desire/craving
9) grasping/attachment
10) becoming/existence
11) birth
12) aging/decay/death
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