Structure & Function of the Body Ed 16 Patton Ch 1
1. anatomy: the study of an organism and the relationships of its parts; derived
from two word parts that mean "cutting apart"; dissection
2. dissection: process of cutting the human body apart for learning
3. physiology: the study of the functions of living organisms and their parts
4. scientific method: systematic approach to discovery; 1) propose hypothesis -
idea or principle to be tested 2) experimentation - series of tests of a
hypothesis (a controlled experiment eliminates biases or outside influences) 3)
theory or law - a hypothesis that has been supported by experiments and thus
shown to have a high degree of confidence
5. experimental controls: used to ensure that the test situation is not affecting
the results
6. test group: The experimental group that is exposed to the variable in an
experiment.
7. control group: the group that does not receive the experimental treatment.
8. theory or law: a hypothesis that has gained a high level of confidence
9. levels of organization: chemical level , organelle level, cellular level, tissue
level, organ level, organ system level, organism level
10. chemical level: atoms and molecules
11. cells: smallest "living" units of structure and function; organizations of various
chemicals
12. tissues: an organization of many cells that act together to perform a common
function
13. organs: a group of several different kinds of tissues arranged in ways that
allow them to act as a unit to perform a special function
14. systems: an organization of varying numbers and kinds of organs that can
work together to perform complex functions for the body
15. organism: organization of all systems together, forming a whole body
16. microbiome: set of interacting communities of bacteria and other
microorganisms that inhabit the human body; influences normal body funtion
17. structure fits function: anatomical parts have structures exactly suited to
perform specific functions
18. anatomical position: To stand erect with arms at the sides and palms of the
hands turned forward; head also points forward, as do the feet, which are
aligned at the toe and set slightly apart
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