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Clinical Laboratory Science: Hematology

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Clinical Laboratory Science: Hematology Clinical Laboratory Science: Hematology Clinical Laboratory Science: Hematology Clinical Laboratory Science: Hematology Clinical Laboratory Science: Hematology Clinical Laboratory Science: Hematology

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  • August 26, 2024
  • 23
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • Clinical Laboratory Science: Hematology
  • Clinical Laboratory Science: Hematology
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mikedoc
Clinical Laboratory Science:
Hematology
Anemia - ANSWER 1. Iron Deficiency Anemia

2. Thalassemia

3. Vitamin B12/Folate deficiency (Pernicious Anemia)

4. Lead Poisoning

5. Sideroblastic Anemia

Anemia:

Iron Deficiency Anemia - ANSWER * Microcytic

* Hypochromic red blood cells with anisocytosis & platelet increase

Anemia:

Lead Poisoning - ANSWER * Coarse basophilic stippling

* Lead ingestion

Anemia:

Sideroblastic Anemia - ANSWER * Dimorphic population of red blood cells

* Anisocytosis

* Poikilocytosis

* Abnormalities in the heme synthetic pathways

* Genetically abnormal

* Vitamin B6 deficiency

Anemia:

Thalassemia - ANSWER * Poikilocytosis

* Target cells

* Nucleated red blood cells

* Decreased globin production

* Common in Mediterranean, Southeast-Asian, and African descent

Anemia:

Vitamin B12/Folate Deficiency (Pernicious Anemia) - ANSWER * Oval macrocytes

* Anisocytosis

* Poikilocytosis

* Hypersegmented neutrophils

,Clinical Laboratory Science:
Hematology
* Decreased platelets

* Patients with poor nutrition or undergoing chemotherapy

Anisocytosis - ANSWER 1. Normocyte

2. Microcyte

3. Macrocyte

Anisocytosis:

Macrocyte - ANSWER * Larger than the nucleus of a small lymphhocyte

* Vitamin B12 deficiency

* Folate deficiency

Anisocytosis:

Microcyte - ANSWER * Smaller than the nucleus of a small lymphocyte

* Iron Deficiency Anemia

* Thalassemia

Anisocytosis:

Normocyte - ANSWER * Approximately the same size as the nucleus of a small lymphocyte

* Seen in healthy patients

Artifacts - ANSWER 1. Stain precipitate

2. Water artifact

3. Crenated red cells

4. Smudge cells (Basket cells)

5. Platelet satellitism

6. Platelet aggregates

7. Platelet superimposition

8. Degenerated nucleus

Artifacts:

Crenated red cells - ANSWER * red blood cells with regularly spaced projections on their
surface

* formed from EDTA-anticoagulated blood over time

Artifacts:

, Clinical Laboratory Science:
Hematology
Degenerated nucleus - ANSWER * dark purple nucleus with round lobes, homogenous
chromatin, w/o nuclear filaments

* mostly found in neutrophils from aged specimens

Artifacts:

Platelet aggregates - ANSWER * clumped platelets

* improper collection or poorly anticoagulated blood

Artifacts:

Platelet satellitism - ANSWER * 4 or more platelets touching the membrane of a neutrophil

* formed from EDTA-anticoagulated blood

Artifacts:

Platelet superimposition - ANSWER * platelet overlying a red blood cell often surrounded
with a halo

* mistaken for red blood cell inclusion

Artifacts:

Smudge cells (Basket cells) - ANSWER * ruptured WBC smeared during slide preparation

* disruption of fragile cells commonly seen in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemias

Artifacts:

Stain precipitate - ANSWER * dark blue granules or filaments in between or on top of blood
cells

* re-dissolve by re-staining for 10 seconds with Wright's stain & rinsing with distilled water

Artifacts:

Water artifact - ANSWER * refractile areas within red blood cells

* slow drying in a humid environment

* water contamination of Wright's stain

Erythrocyte Maturation Sequence - ANSWER 1. Pronormoblast (Rubriblast)

2. Basophilic Normoblast

3. Polychromatophilic Normoblast

4. Orthochromic Normoblast

5. Polychromatophilic Red Cells

6. Erythrocyte

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