BBH 432 Exam 2 Study Questions and 100% Correct Answers
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Course
BBH 432
Institution
BBH 432
1. How does constantly activating the stress response increase risk for heart disease? stress makes muscles work harder- in veins and hearts making them work harder and pushing blood through- will make muscle increase makes veins rigid and smaller also make heartmuscle increase on one side of the h...
BBH 432 Exam 2 Study Questions and
100% Correct Answers
1. How does constantly activating the stress response increase risk for heart disease?
✅stress makes muscles work harder- in veins and hearts
making them work harder and pushing blood through- will make muscle increase
makes veins rigid and smaller
also make heartmuscle increase on one side of the hearts- leftb hypertrophy- puts you
at risk for irregular heartrate
thickend wall in ventricle can require more blood than the coronary arteries can supply
1. What mechanisms of the stress response damage blood vessels? ✅more force
pushing through these small blood vessels can cause turbulence which can cause
damage of these blood vessels
smooth walls start to tear and cause craters
this will signal inflammation reponse
foam cells will form
blood is also more viscous
epinephrine will make platelets circle
all of this causes damage and clumping
1. What was the better predictor of CV issues: cholesterol or inflammation?
✅inflammation
1. In Kaplan's research with monkeys, how did social ranking affect stress and CV
issues? ✅signaled ones at the bottom were more stress and dealing with more of a
risk- overactive sympathetic nervous system
but also found those once at the top when switched position were also stressed
because they did not want to be at bottom
1. What role did estrogen play in women and risk for heart disease, and how did stress
affect this? ✅estrigen protects agaisnt formation of asthercorosis
but can be problematic because estrogen can be reduced when stress occurs
also they found that when women go through menopaise they are no longer protected
and are dealing with more traumatic hearts events when they get older
1. What aspects of job stress were linked with higher risk for CAD? ✅Effort-reward
balance- high in demand and low in control are high job strain, this is a chronic stressor.
Effort-reward imbalance results from feeling you put much more work into your job than
you get out of it- teachers put a lot of work in a not a lot of money.
Also can be anticipatory stressor- the worry and stress of going to an environment or
home to a bad relationship trigger a response before entering that environment
, 1. What do Strike and Steptoe say about women with marital/domestic stress?
✅Chronic stressor- if primary relationship in your life is continuously causing distress.
Marital stress predicts depressive symptoms in women - poorer prognosis.
1. How does lower SES influence stress levels and behaviors that may affect CV health
status? ✅Lower SES is associated with more smoking, poorer diet, poorer housing,
increased obesity, lower levels of physical activity, increased financial strain, more
stressful life events, and lower self esteem
All of this is leading to higher levels of stress and less support
1. What aspects of personality do the authors believe contribute to more stress?
✅Hostility and anger as potentially harmful aspects of type a behavior
Lots of confounding variables- like SES, genetics, environmental
They found a little more of a connection to anger- but still more stuff affects.
1. Regarding the study of the man who had a tube placed into his abdomen following a
gunshot wound, what would happen to that region when he was stressed or angry?
Why? ✅Blood flow would be inhibited because your body diverts blood to the muscles
because they need it more and stop giving blood to areas that do not necessarily need
blood in stressful situations
1. Describe the physiological processes of how chronic stress may lead to an increased
risk of heart disease. ✅All of your arteries and viens will get smaller and have to work
harder to push the fast moving blood to the area that needs it
Because of this the muscles have to work harder and some will have thickened muscles
or have damage to the inner layer causing plaque to fill
You will also have an increase of cells that will cause issues because they will get stuck
1. Research shows that high cholesterol is the most significant predictor of
cardiovascular issues. Support or refute this claim? ✅Inflammatory response will
occur- when someone is stressed cortisol levels stay elevated for an extended period of
time, the negative feedback loop that controls cortisol levels becomes less effective-
sustained high levels of cortisol lose the ability to control the inflammatory response
LDLs then become more concentrated in endothelial tissue and can become oxidized.
These oxidized LDLs then attract macrophages and lymphocytes. These bundles form a
blockage in artery wall- restricting blood flow HDLs can help prevent this- but can be
hard when you are eating poorly due to stress
Why did the New Jersey judiciary develop reformed instructions for jurors?
✅Researchers want to decrease the faulty eyewitness testimony and increase reliance
on trustworthy testimony
They did this by enhancing judicial instructions, that cautions against undue reliance on
imperfect human memory, ecspceially in the presence of suggestive lineup procedures
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