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Organic Chemistry Exam 4 Questions and Answers

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  • Course
  • Organic Chemistry
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  • Organic Chemistry

acetylenes = - Answer-alkynes olefins = - Answer-alkenes E = - Answer-trans Z = - Answer-cis stability of cis vs. trans - Answer-trans is more stable hydrogenation - Answer-exothermic addition of H to an alkene relate the heats of reaction for trans-butene, cis-butene, and 1-buten...

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  • August 26, 2024
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  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Organic Chemistry
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Organic Chemistry Exam 4 Questions
and Answers
acetylenes = - Answer-alkynes

olefins = - Answer-alkenes

E = - Answer-trans

Z = - Answer-cis

stability of cis vs. trans - Answer-trans is more stable

hydrogenation - Answer-exothermic addition of H to an alkene

relate the heats of reaction for trans-butene, cis-butene, and 1-butene. - Answer-1-
butene > cis-2-butene > trans-2-butene (most stable)

stabilities of alkenes (substitution) - Answer-tetra- > tri- > di-> mono- > un-

stabilities of alkenes (status) - Answer-tertiary > secondary > primary

elimination reactions of alkyl halides require... - Answer-a base (-HX)

alkyl halide formula - Answer-C2H5X

elimination reactions of alcohols require... - Answer-H+, heat (-HOH)

alcohol formula - Answer-C2H5OH

dehydrohalogenation is - Answer-E2

more alkylated = - Answer-more stable

how to favor an E2 - Answer-use a secondary or tertiary alkyl halide, use bulky base if
using a primary, use high concentration of strong base, use high temperature

why would a secondary or tertiary alkyl halide be better for E2? - Answer-steric
hindrance prevents substitution

Zaitsev rule - Answer-formation of the more substituted alkene is favored with a small
base

, Hoffman rule - Answer-formation of the less substituted alkene is favored with a bulky
base

how does the steric bulk of the base affect the Hoffman rule? - Answer-it has difficulty
removing internal secondary H's so it just removes a primary

anti/syn - which is preferred? - Answer-anti

what causes anti/syn? - Answer-proper alignment of orbitals in developing pi bond

why is anti preferred? - Answer-staggered, so lower energy

dehydration of alcohols order of reactivity - Answer-tertiary > secondary > primary

dehydration of alcohols description - Answer-loss of H2O to yield alkene when heated
with SA

the more difficult the alcohol, - Answer-the stronger the base and higher the
temperature needed to dehydrate.

rearrangement during dehydration of alcohols - Answer-less stable secondary
carbocation rearranges to more stable tertiary carbocation

1,2 shift - Answer-group migrates from 1 C to a neighboring 1

alkyl shift - Answer-CH3 group moves

hydride shift - Answer-H moves

migration order of reactivity - Answer-tertiary > secondary > primary > can't happen in
Me

vicinal dihalide - Answer-bearing halogens on adjacent carbons

geminal dihalides - Answer-bearing halogens on same carbon

retrosynthesis - Answer-product => reactant

addition reactions result in... - Answer-conversion of one pi and one sigma bond to 2
sigma bonds

the amazing thing about addition reactions - Answer-every atom in reactant converted
into one organic product

why do addition reactions attack the pi bond? - Answer-the electrons are exposed
because they are perpendicular to the double bond

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