4-way Handshake - answer-A protocol that uses a frame exchange between two stations (STAs)
to create dynamic encryption keys that are unique to any two radios. Either preshared key
(PSK) or 802.1X authentication creates a Pairwise Master Key (PMK) that seeds the 4-Way Handshake process. The four ...
4-way Handshake - answer-A protocol that uses a frame exchange between two stations (STAs)
to create dynamic encryption keys that are unique to any two radios. Either preshared key
(PSK) or 802.1X authentication creates a Pairwise Master Key (PMK) that seeds the 4-Way
Handshake process. The four frame exchange completes the authentication process once the
final encryption keys are created.
40 mhz intolerant - answer-a bit potentially set in the 802.11 frame allowing STAs to indicate
that 40 MHz channels should not be used in their BSS or in surrounding networks. The bit is
processed only in the 2.4 GHz band.
802.11 - answer-A standard maintained by the IEEE for implementing and communicating with
wireless local area networks (WLANs). Regularly amended, the standard continues to evolve to
meet new demands. Several Physical Layer (PHY) methods are specified and the Medium
Access Control (MAC) sublayer is also specified.
802.11 state machine - answer-The 802.11 state machine defines the condition of the
connection of a client STA to another STA and can be in one of the three states
Unauthenticated/Unassociated, Authenticated/Unassociated, or Authenticated/Associated.
802.11a - answer-An 802.11 standard that operates in the 5 GHz frequency band and, by using
OFDM, supports speeds up to 54 Mbps.
802.11aa - answer-an 802.11 amendment that added support for robust audio and video
streaming through MAC enhancements. it specifies a new category of station called a Stream
Classification Service (SCS) station. The SCS implementation is optional for a WMM QoS station.
802.11ac - answer-An 802.11 amendment that operates in the 5GHz band. It uses MU-MIMO,
beamforming, and 256 QAM technology, up to 8 spatial streams and OFDM modulation.
Support is included for data rates up to 6933.3 Mbps
802.11 ae - answer-An 802.11 amendment that provides prioritization of management frames.
It defines a new Quality of Service Management Frame (QMF). When the (QMF) service is used
some management frames may be transmitted using an access category other than the one
used for voice (AC_VO). When communicating with stations that do not support the QMF
service, the station uses access category AC_VO to transmit management frames. when QMF is
supported, the beacon frame includes a Qmf Policy element.
802.11 ah - answer-An 802.11 draft tat specifies operations in the sub-1 Ghz range. Frequencies
used vary by regulatory domain. the draft supports 1,2,4,8 and 16 MHz channels with OFDM
modulation.
,802.ax - answer-AN 802.11 draft that will support bi-directional MU-MIMO, higher modulation
rates and subchannelization. it is too early to know the final details of this amendment at the
time of writing; However it is planned to operate in the 2.4 GHz and 5 Ghz band.
802.11b - answer-an IEEE 802.11 amendment that operates in the 2.4GHz ism band. It uses
HR/DSSS and earlier technology. It can support data rates of up to 11 Mbps
802.11e - answer-An 802.11 amendment, now incorporated into the most recent roll-up, that
provided quality of service extensions to the wireless link through probabilistic prioritization
based on the contention window. The Wi-Fi Multimedia (WMM) certification is based on this
amendment.
802.11g - answer-An 802.11 amendment that operates in the 2.4 GHz frequency band at speeds
up to 54 Mbps by using ERP-OFDM.
802.11i - answer-An 802.11 amendment, now incorperated into the most recent roll-up, which
provided security enhancements to the standard and resolved weaknesses in the original WEP
encryption solution. and encryption algorithms.
802.11k - answer-An IEEE 802.11 amendment that specifies and defines WLAN characteristics
and mechanisms.
802.11n - answer-An IEEE 802.11 amendment that operates in the 2.4 ISM and 5 GHZ UNII/ISM
bands. It uses MIMO, HT-OFDM and earlier technology. It can support data rates of up to
600Mbps.
802.11r - answer-An IEEE 802.11 amendment that enables roaming between access points.
802.11u - answer-An IEEE 802.11 amendment that adds features for mobile communication
devices such as phones and tablets.
802.11w - answer-An IEEE 802.11 amendment to increase security for the management frames.
802.11y - answer-an IEEE amendment that allows registered stations to operate at a higher
power outpt in the 3650- 3700 Mhz band.
802.1x - answer-802.1X is an IEEE standard that uses the Extensible Authentication Protocol
(EAP) framework to authenticate devices attempting to connect to the LAN or WLAN. The
process involves the use of a supplicant to be authenticated, authenticator, and authentication
server
802.3 - answer-A set of standards maintained by the IEEE for implementing and communicating
with wired Ethernet networks and including Power over Ethernet (PoE) specifications.
, AAA Framework - answer-Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting is a framework for
monitoring usage, enforcing policies, controlling access to computer resources, and providing
the correct billing amount for services
AAA Server Credential - answer-The AAA server credential is the validation materials used for
the server. When mutual authentication is required, a server certificate is typically used as the
AAA server credential.
Absorption - answer-Occurs when an obstacle absorbs some or all of a radio waveʹs energy.
Access Category (AC) - answer-An access category is a priority class. 802.11 specifies four
different priority classes - voice (AC_VO), video (AC_VI), best effort (AC_BE), and background
(AC_BK).
Access Control List (ACL) - answer-ACLs are lists that inform a STA or user what permissions are
available to access files and other resources. ACLs are also used in routers and switches to
control packets allowed through to other networks
Access Layer Forwarding - answer-Data forwarding that occurs at the access layer, also called
distributed data forwarding. The data is distributed from the access layer directly to the
destination without passing through a centralized controller.
Access Point - answer-An access point (AP) is a device containing a radio that is used to create
an access network, bridge network or mesh network. The AP contains the Distribution System
Service.
Access Port - answer-An AP used for mesh networks and that connects to the wired or wireless
network at the edge of the mesh.
Acknowledgement Frame - answer-A frame sent by the receiving 802.11 station confirming the
received data
Active Mode - answer-A power‐save mode in which the station never turns the radio off.
Active Scanning - answer-A scanning (network location) method in which the client broadcasts
probe requests and records the probe responses in order to determine the network with which
it will establish an association.
Active Survey - answer-A wireless survey conducted on location that involves measuring
throughput rates, round trip time, and packet loss by connecting devices to an AP and
transmitting data during the survey.
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