Exam (elaborations)
BESC 320 exam 2 with complete solutions
- Course
- Institution
BESC 320 exam 2 with complete solutions
[Show more]
Content preview
BESC 320 exam 2 with completesolutions
lake mead - Answer --from colorado river
-Nevada, Arizona, Southern California and northern Mexico.
-About 96 percent of the water in Lake Mead is from melted snow that falls in Colorado,
Utah, New Mexico and Wyoming, officials said.
-The largest capacity reservoir in the United States
hoover dam - Answer --from colorado river
-built during depression
-provided sector (fed) provided jobs
-100 ppl died during construction
-historically low approx 1000ft less
-amount of power getting from dam is less because its being used for food,water etc...
septic systems - Answer -leach field
-aerobic septic
how much global energy is hydro - Answer -19%
Only 10% in US, accounting for 73% of renewable energy
hydroelectric generators in U.S. - Answer -around mountain ranges
-CA-pasifc mountain ranges
-east coast- follows mountain ranges
-mississippi has low gradient
-colorado has more gradient = large hydro plant found where there is a large gradient +
valleys= to make a reservoir.
natural lake in TX - Answer -caddo
how dams work - Answer --water flows into intake towers (like tunnels) at the end of the
tunnels (penstock) it hits a turbine which drives the generator which spins magnets
inside copper wire producing electricity to power lines and then to a substation
pressure is created by water going into turbine area
-conductive wire w/ something magnetic inbetween
-higher water head behind dam=more energy you can create
advantages to dams - Answer --reducing flooding by absorbing peak rain events
,-lakes in TX are impoundments (resivours)
• Tremendous power output
• Arguably, flood control
• Provide water reserves
• Provide recreation opportunities
problems with dams - Answer --fish can't get across, although some have fish ladders
-impedes migration
-flood control but some species NEED flood events to propagate
-the structure of habitat changes and some species have evolved with habitat it can
harm them
-everything is linked if salmon decline so do bears
-dams alter temp and some species are temp dependent
-solution?: release water from bottom (cooler) and not top?
o migratory species, upstream colonizations
o habitat loss of the inundation zone
o alters temperature regime
potential amelioration by hypolimnetic release
o altered flow dynamics (many species have particular requirements)
operators release water according to electricity needs
o alters sediment structure- need periodic flushing of sediment and some species rely
on certain sediment
o alters floodplain dynamics
• Interferes with people
o displaces indigenous peoples
o displaces landowners
• sedimentation- estuaries rely on stedy flow of sedement
• increased evaporative loss. high SA low flow
subsistence flow - Answer -lowest that can still support ecology
base flow - Answer -average under usual conditons
US water use per person - Answer -750000gal 5X more than global average
same amount of water on earth as dinosaurs myth b/c - Answer -processes that break
down water
-photosythesis
-refomed
largest dam in world - Answer -three gorges in china
-Yangze River
-17 turbines
-prodcues same energy an nuclear power plant
-completed in about 2003
, -displaced millions
-changed ecology
-obliterates many sites of cultural and archaeological interest.
-built in seismically active area
dams in the amazon - Answer --Peruvian andies: high elevation
-many dams that take advantage of the geology
-no dams in Venezuela or Columbia
-Venezuela (they have a lot of oil)
-brazil and puru have the most
sturgeon - Answer --30yrs old b4 become sex mature
-decline due to pollution and land conversion
-bad because they are large and a good resource
-three gorges cleaved habitat
-overfished
-facing extinction
-sustained by artificial breeding
-Gezhou Dam in 1981 blocked upstream migration of the Chinese sturgeon, reducing its
breeding ground from 350 miles of river to just four.
-The baiji, a white, largely blind, freshwater dolphin that was found only in the Yangtze,
was declared extinct in 2006. The last known baiji died in captivity in 2002.
small scale hydro - Answer -small scale hydro may be an important part of energy
security going into the future at all economic scales
dam removal washington state - Answer -Glines Canyon Dam and the Elwha Dam
-Olympic National Park
-Washington
-dams blocked salmon migration up the Elwha, devastating its fish and shellfish
dam removal - Answer --do it in phases so you don't dump sediment at once
-create salmon industry by putting baby salmon upstream they will remember the scent
and return 7yrs later
daylighting - Answer --bring stream back to surface
-get rid of storm water and potential for flooding by putting into pipes and barring.
snail genetics across flow control device - Answer --infrastructure like highways will
impact pop genetics
• Rob Dillon, College of Charleston, SC
• Assessed genetic diversity of snails in a river previous to road construction.
Road construction involved a concrete culvert.
• Re-assessed genetics a few years later and found marked structure above and below
the culvert; essentially two different populations.
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller millyphilip. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $11.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
79271 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now