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BESC 367 - Exam 2 Questions and Answers

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BESC 367 - Exam 2 Questions and Answers

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  • August 26, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • BESC
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millyphilip
BESC 367 - Exam 2 Questions and
Answers

Tragedy of the Commons - Answer -Garrett Hardin; Grazing cattle example - too much
cattle on one area of land will destroy the land - leaving no benefit for anyone

Because the environment is a public commons. - Answer -How does Tragedy of the
Commons relate to environment?

Consumption of the good by the individual does not reduce the amount available for
consumption by others; and no one can effectively be excluded from using that good.
Ex: air and water - Answer -What does non excludable and non rival mean? Examples?

Free rider - Answer -People who do not pay for a good but use it

Irrational saints - Answer -ones that are willing to pay for the good

Because the government must act to provide the good, absent government intervention
will result in the environment becoming degraded - Answer -How do free riders relate to
environmental protection?

Externality - Answer -a cost not directly related to production of consumption of a good
or service, and not reflected by market prices

Ethic - Answer -Moral code of right or wrong

Noblesse oblige - Answer -privileged people have a responsibility to act with generosity
and nobility toward those less privileged (environmentally this means human toward
other species)

Direct Regulation/Command and Control/End of pipe - Answer -sets standards and
mandates compliance with punishment for violation of standards, attempts to control
pollution at end of processes rather than preventing emission

Tort Law - Answer -When actions are carried out for a civil wrong that was done

Reacts to existing problems rather than preventing problems - Answer -Issues with tort
law

, Private nuisance - Answer -Pollution that affects a limited number of people, or in a
unique way, that gives someone right to sue

Public nuisance - Answer -Most pollution described as this; affects large amount of
people, only public official can sue

Subsidy - Answer -When the government pays grants or tax credits to encourage
pollution control; more effective when polluter anticipates clean up costs

Desire to beat competitors - Answer -What inhibits success of a subsidy?

Emissions Charge - Answer -When users are charged a fee per unit of pollution emitted

Cap and Trade - Answer -Government sells permits and lets polluters trade these
among each other

Total Pollution Target - Answer -Limit set by the government

Environmental (green) taxes - Answer -Extract money from polluters and channel the
revenue into environmental programs (US passed one for CFCs, Colorado for carbon
tax)

Laissez-Faire - Answer -Free from government interference

National, National Environmental Policy Act of 1970 (NEPA) - Answer -Environmental
policy today is an example of _________ policy, and was marked early on by what act?

Rachel Carson - Answer -Silent Spring

Paul Erlich - Answer -The Population Bomb

Barry Commoner - Answer -The Closing Circle

Santa Barbara, California - Answer -Where was the disastrous oil spill in 1969?

1970 - Answer -When was the first Earth day?

EPA was created, NEPA was passed, and 27 laws/rules improved environmental quality
- Answer -Environmentally, what was done in the 1970s?

Reagan Administration - Answer -What administration pushed for cutting costs and
regulations in the 1980s but reversed due to public disapproval?

Conservative courts and declining economy (during George HW Bush) - Answer -What
contributed to concerns over regulation costs in the 1990s?

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