cell theory - All cells arise form preexisting cells
Cells can carry out the processes of life
Organisms are made of cells that function together
*ANS: cell - The ____ is considered to be the basic unit of life
*ANS: prokaryotes - single cells organisms such as bacteria are examples of
_____. This type of cell does not have a nucleus,but does have DNA. ALL
have a cell wall
*ANS: eukaryotes - multicellular organisms such as plants and animals are
examples of ______
-some have a cell wall
-cell membrane present
*ANS: nucleus - The ____ of the cell is responsible for the activites of the cell
regarding DNA, has its own membrane which allows for the passage of
materials and proteins needed for DNA replication
*ANS: ribosomes - Responsible for the production of proteins
Can be free or bound to the outer membrane of the ER
*ANS: rough endoplasmic reticulum - The ____ has ribosomes attached to
the outer surface, it is also produces the proteins
*ANS: smooth endoplasmic reticulum - The _____does not have ribosomes
attached and works to transport proteins out of the cell
,*ANS: lysosomes - ____ are often termed "suicide sacs of the cell" because of
their involvement with digestion within the cell.
-besides digesting proteins, also break down parts of the cell that are no
longer needed
*ANS: vacuoles - most known for their ability to store materials
*ANS: mitochondria - _____ are thought to be the powerhouses of the cell
because of their ability to produce the energy needed for life.
*ANS: cristae - folds of the inner membrane of the mitochondria are called
___
*ANS: chloroplasts - Present in plants, contains a substance called
chlorophyll to carry out the process of photosynthesis
*ANS: cytoskeleton - provides structure and shape to the cell
*ANS: cilia/flagella - these structures are not present within the cell. Instead
they are located outside of the cell and allow the cell to move
*ANS: cell wall - Present in plant cells, the cellulose-containing ____ helps to
give the plant cell rigidity
*ANS: diffusion - Particles naturally move from an area of high concentration
to an area of low concentration this process is called ____.
*ANS: osmosis - Water can diffuse across a membrane in a process called
____
*ANS: Isotonic solution - concentration are the same inside and outside of
the cell
*ANS: hypotonic solution, swell, burst - In a _____, the solution outside the
cell has a lower concentration of solutes than the solution inside the cell.
,Water moves from outside solution into the cell in an attempt to dilute
concentrations in the cell. This causes the cell to ___ and/or ___
*ANS: hypertonic, shrivel, shrink - In a _______, the outside solution has a
high concentration of solute than the cell. Water leaves the cell in an effort
to dilute the outside solution. This causes the cell to ___, and ___
*ANS: passive - ____transportation that occurs from a high concentration to
a low concentration naturally and without any additional energy input
*ANS: active transport - _____ take place when materials need to be moved
from an area of low concetration to one of high concentration.Because this
works against the natural process, the cell must use energy to carry out this
process
*ANS: organic - _____molecules are carbon based
*ANS: inorganic - without carbon
*ANS: organic - Examples of ____ include lipids, carbohydrates, proteins,
and nucleic acids.
*ANS: inorganic - Examples of _____ substances include ions, iron, calcium
and water
*ANS: water - _____ is considered to be the universal solvent and can
dissolve a large range of substance that are polar or contain ions
*ANS: cohesive forces - forces between the same molecules
*ANS: adhesive forces - forces between different molecules
*ANS: carbohydrates - ____are organic compounds that contain carbon,
oxygen and hydrogen. They are major sources of energy in the body.
, *ANS: monosaccarides - Simplest sugars are called ____
ex. glucose and fructose
*ANS: dehydration synthesis - The combination of monosaccharides to from
disaccharides and starches occurs with the removal of water via a _______
*ANS: proteins - long polymer chains called polypeptides built from amino
acid subunits linked by peptide bonds.Every amino acid contains a central
carbon with an amino group
*ANS: enzymes - ___ are examples of complex proteins that function to
regulate the rate at which reactions occur. They are catalysts that aim to
lower the amount of energy it takes for a reaction to occur
*ANS: saturated - If a fat chain contains all single bonds, the fat is classified
as ___
*ANS: unsaturated - If there is a double bond in the fat chain, the fat is
classified as ____
*ANS: glyercol, 3 fatty acids - Fats are each built from two components ____
and _____
*ANS: triglycerides - fats are also called ______
*ANS: nucleic acids - ___are the building blocks of DNA and RNA.
-contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen along with nitrogen and phosphorus
atoms as well
*ANS: phosphate group, 5 carbon sugar, nitrogen base - Each nucleic acid
contains a _____, _____ and a _____
*ANS: adenosine triphosphate (ATP) - The molecule that supplies energy for
living things is called _____
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