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BIO 220 Microbiology Exam 1 (90 questions already graded A+).
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BIO 220 Microbiology Exam 1 (90 questions already graded A+).
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BIO 220: MicrobiologyExam 1 (90 questions
already graded A+)
Pathogen - answer any agent such as a virus,
bacterium, fungus, protozoan, or helminth that
causes disease.
Nonpathogen - answer an organism that does not
cause disease
Normal Flora or Normal Microbiota - answer
organisms that colonize an area without causing
disease
Opportunistic pathogen - answer an organism
that does not ordinarily cause disease but can
become pathogenic under certain circumstances. It
is harmless in it's normal habitat or in healthy
individuals but can become pathogenic when given
opportunity.
,Louis Pasteur - answer disproved Spontaneous
Generation and offered proof of Biogenesis (life
only comes from life)
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek - answer - Made a
crude microscope to examine threads in fabrics
- Made drawings of what he called "animalcules" in
rainwater and scraped from his teeth
- First person to view microbes in 1673
Kary Mullins - answer (Nobel Prize 1993); ability
to detect tiny amounts of DNA and amplify for
study; used to discover new organisms, diagnosing
diseases and crime scene investigation.
John Tyndall - answer Found that microbes in the
dust and air have high heat resistance, boiling
alone wouldn't kill them.
Ferdinand Cohn - answer - Discovered and
descriped bacterial endospores
- Sterile: completely free of all life forms including
endospores and virus particles
Robert Koch - answer - Proved a specific
microorganism caused a specific disease
, - Established a series of proofs that verified the
germ theory of disease
- Determined the cause of Anthrax was the
bacterium Bacillys anthracis
Joesph Lister - answer - (1860's) First to utilize
hand washing and misting operating rooms with
antiseptic chemicals
*used carbolic acid (phenol)
- Techniques became the foundation for modern
microbial control still in use today.
Louis Pasteur - answer - Invented Pasteurization
- A heating process that could kill bacteria in beer
and wine
- Pasterization: heating to 72c for 15 seconds, kills
bacteria but not yeast
Edward Jenner - answer - Used material from a
cowpox blister to prevent a young boy from
contracting smallpox
- Pasteur later called the process Vaccination
- 2 factors allowed for "eradication" of Smallpox
1. Effective vaccine
2. Smallpox only has a human host
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