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BIOD 171 FINAL EXAM STUDY Questions & 100% correct Answers- Latest Test | Graded A+ | Passed
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Microbiology is the study of what? ֎ -:- Microbiology is the study of microbes (microorganisms and viruses) and their biological processes. What is the smallest biological unit of life ֎ -:- cell What is a macromolecule? ֎ -:- A macromolecule is classified as a complex molecule that is co...

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E x c e l l e n c e i s k e y | 2 0 2 0 2 5 ~ P a g e |1




BIOD 171 FINAL EXAM STUDY Questions
& 100% correct Answers- Latest Test |
Graded A+ | Passed
Microbiology is the study of what?

֎ -:- Microbiology is the study of microbes (microorganisms and viruses) and their

biological processes.



What is the smallest biological unit of life

֎ -:- cell



What is a macromolecule?

֎ -:- A macromolecule is classified as a complex molecule that is composed from

smaller subunits.



What are the four main types of macromolecules?

֎ -:- Proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and carbohydrates



What various functions do proteins have in a cell

֎ -:- Proteins may facilitate the movement of materials in or out of a cell. Some can act

as enzymes that catalyze, or speed up, biochemical processes. Others play a

structural role while other proteins, such as filaments, enable movement.



What are the two major types of nucleic acids and their roles?




26/08/2024 | © Copyright- This work may not be copied for profit.

, E x c e l l e n c e i s k e y | 2 0 2 0 2 5 ~ P a g e |2


֎ -:- There are two major types of nucleic acids: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA

(ribonucleic acid). Nucleic acids are chemical molecules that carry genetic

information within the cell. DNA contains a vast amount of hereditary information

and is responsible for the inheritable characteristics of living organisms. RNA is

responsible for deciphering the hereditary information in DNA and using it to

synthesize proteins.



What is the plasma membrane, and what is it made up of?

֎ -:- The plasma membrane serves the cell as a surrounding barrier that separates the

inside of the cell from the outside surrounding environment. The plasma membrane

also restricts the movement of materials (water, nutrients, etc) either in or out of the

cell, thus allowing a cells to absorb and keep what is needed (influx) while also

preventing the escape (out flux) of essential nutrients. The plasma membrane is

composed of lipids (hydrophobic hydrocarbons).



What are the three main components of carbohydrates?

֎ -:- Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms. Examples

would include, C6H12O6 (glucose) C12H22O11 (sucrose) and C6H10O5 (cellulose).



What is the primary difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

֎ -:- Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus, a membrane enclosed region within the cell

that contains the genetic material. Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus and can be

further classified as either Bacteria or Archaea.



What are the main morphologies of bacteria?




26/08/2024 | © Copyright- This work may not be copied for profit.

, E x c e l l e n c e i s k e y | 2 0 2 0 2 5 ~ P a g e |3


֎ -:- Bacteria can be described as coccus (round/spherical), bacillus (rod), vibrio (curved

rod) or spirillum (spiral/corkscrew).



Which group (classification) of microbes is noted for its ability to survive under harsh conditions?

֎ -:- Archaea. They are able to survive in extremely harsh environmental conditions

such as high salt levels, acid conditions, high temperatures and oxygen-poor

conditions.



What are the four main classifications of Eukarya?

֎ -:- Eukaryotic microorganisms are classified as either belonging to Animalia, Plantae,

Fungi or Protista.



Can viruses be classified as either prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

֎ -:- No. Viruses are considered neither prokaryotic nor eukaryotic. Viruses are not

considered living and do not replicate on their own, meaning they must replicate

within a host.



The lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane is composed of what?

֎ -:- The cell membrane is a bilayer composed primarily of amphipathic phospholipids,

meaning they contain a polar hydrophilic (water loving) head group and a non-polar

hydrophobic (water fearing) tail region. The lipid bilayer is situated in such a way

where the non-polar tail groups face inward thus orienting the polar head groups to

interact with water both outside and inside of the cell.



What are the primary cellular organelles described in this module? Be sure to know the roles of
each.




26/08/2024 | © Copyright- This work may not be copied for profit.

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