Lutz's Nutrition Chapter 1
nutrition correct answers science of food and its relationship to health
health correct answers state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and
not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
primary prevention correct answers avert the occurrence of disease; maintaining
healthy body weight
secondary prevention correct answers monitoring techniques to discover disease early
enough to provide the opportunity to control their effects; fasting blood glucose level
tertiary prevention correct answers treatment techniques after a disease has occurred
to prevent complications or to promote maximum adaptation; medications
nutrients correct answers chemical substances supplied by food that the body needs
for growth, maintenance, and repair
six classes of nutrients correct answers carbohydrates, fats (lipids), proteins, minerals,
vitamins, water
essential nutrient correct answers human body requires but cannot manufacture in
sufficient amounts to meet bodily needs. They must be supplied by food in the diet.
Vitamin C, vitamin A, and calcium are three of more than 40 essential nutrients
nonessential nutrients correct answers not needed in the diet because the body can
make them from other substances; amino acid alanine
conditionally essential nutrients correct answers under most circumstances, a healthy
body can manufacture in sufficient quantities; amino acid tyrosine
all nutrients perform one or more of the following functions correct answers source of
energy or heat, growth and maintenance of tissue, aid in regulation of basic body
processes
metabolism correct answers sum of all physical and chemical changes that take place
in the body
energy correct answers capacity to do work
energy forms (types) correct answers electric thermal (heat), chemical, mechanical,
and nuclear
, all food correct answers enters the body as chemical energy
energy nutrients correct answers carbohydrates, fats, proteins
Kilocalories (kcals) correct answers energy both in foods and in the body is measured
in
nutrient classes that contribute in a major way to building body structures correct
answers water, proteins, fats, and minerals
functional foods correct answers whole foods along with fortified, enriched, or
enhanced foods that have potentially beneficial effect on health when consumed as part
of a varied diet on a regular basis at effective levels based on significant standards of
evidence; bluberries, cranberry juice, cruciferous vegetables: broccoli, cabbage,
cauliflower, brussels sprouts, green tea, mushrooms, some nuts, oatmeal, tomatoes
how many chromosomes in the body? correct answers 23 pairs and contain genes
epigenetics correct answers process that regulates how and when genes are turned on
and off
nutrigenetics correct answers subfield of nutritional genomics that detects gene
variants within an individual to identify nutritional factors that trigger dysfunction or
disease; lactose intolerance and celiac disease
nutrigenomics correct answers subfield of nutritional genomics that studies interaction
between one's diet and his or her genes
human body is composed of five types of substances: correct answers water, protein,
fat, ash (mineral content in the skeleton), carbohydrate
food insecurity correct answers limited or uncertain availability of nutritionally adequate
and safe foods or doubtful ability to acquire food, whether some of the time or always
malnutrition correct answers poor nutrition; may be caused by poor diet or illness
nutritional and weight status correct answers healthy diet and healthy weight; wide
variety of all food groups including fruits and vegetables, lean proteins, whole grains,
and low-fat dairy
dietary status correct answers what a client has been eating
iron deficiency anemia correct answers the most common form of anemia in
industrialized countries, affects 30% of children, adolescents, and women in
nonindustrialized countries
