APEA Predictor Exam
Study exam with
100% correct answers
First-Pass Effect
1. What cytochrome metabolizes a medication drug
during the FIRST-PASS Effect?
2. CYP450 enzyme is the most _____________.
3. It can either be induced or inhibited (T/F)
1. CYP450 metabolizes the drug in the liver to
release the drug to the body where it can be used.
2. Active
3. True
Pharmacokinetics
1. What are age-related changes?
(Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion)?
1. Increase in fat-to-water ratio, decrease in liver
function, decrease in GFR
Pharmacology: Cardiac Glycosides
1. What order of line of treatment is Digoxin?
2. Signs of Digoxin Overdose
3. Laboratory tests
,4. Treatment
1. Second and Third
2. N/V, Hyperkalemia, Confusion, visual color
changes
3. Digoxin level, CMP, EKG
4. Digoxin-specific antibodies
Pharmacology: Warfarin (Coumadin)
1. Category ____ for pregnancy.
2. Target INR for patients without mitral prosthetic
valves? With prosthetic valves?
3. Referral to ________ for initiation and stabilization
of warfarin dose.
4. How often do you check for consistently stable
INR?
5. How often do you check for single out-of-range
INR?
6. What do you educate the patient to do if the INR
less than 5 with no significant bleeding risk?
7. If one dose is missed, what do you do?
8. What kind of foods to avoid messing up the INR?
1. X
2. 2.0-3.0, 2.5-3.5
3. Cardiologist or anticoagulation clinic
4. Check every 2-4 weeks up to 12 weeks.
5. Continue warfarin dose, retest INR in 1-2 weeks.
6. Omit one dose, recheck INR.
7. Take the dose as soon as possible. Do not double
,dose.
8. Vitamin K foods
Pharmacology: Direct Oran Anticoagulants (DOAC)
1. Why are DOACs better than Warfarin?
2. Example of DOACs?
3. How long does it take for platelet function to
return to normal after a patient stops taking
Plavix?
1. Less monitoring and less side effects
2. Apixaban (Eliquis)
3. 10 days
Pharmacology: Thiazide Diuretics
1. Examples
2. Contraindication
3. Adverse effects
4. Patients with osteoporosis receive an extra
benefit from thiazide diuretics by reducing
__________ excretion (T/F)
1. HCTZ, Chlorthalidone
2. Sulfa allergy
3. Hykpokalemia, increases uric acid and increases
LDL
4. Calcium, True
Pharmacology: Potassium-Sparing Diuretics
1. Examples
, 2. Contraindication
3. Adverse effects
4. Do not combine with which cardiac drugs to
prevent hyperkalemia?
1. Triamterene, Amiloride
2. Hyperkalemia
3. Elevates K+ levels
4. ACEIs and ARBs
Pharmacology: Loop Diuretics
1. Examples
2. Contraindication/Allergy
3. Adverse effects
4. Which toxicity with loop diuretics can occur?
1. Furosemide
2. Sulfa Allergy
3. Hypokalemia, Hyponatremia, hypomagnesemia
4. Ototoxicity
Pharmacology: ACEIs and ARBs
1. Examples
2. Black Box Warning/Contraindications
3. Adverse Effects
4. ACEIs are first-line therapy for
5. ACEIs and ARBs protect the kidneys. But if
severe CKD, should you continue ACEIs and ARBs?
Why?
Study exam with
100% correct answers
First-Pass Effect
1. What cytochrome metabolizes a medication drug
during the FIRST-PASS Effect?
2. CYP450 enzyme is the most _____________.
3. It can either be induced or inhibited (T/F)
1. CYP450 metabolizes the drug in the liver to
release the drug to the body where it can be used.
2. Active
3. True
Pharmacokinetics
1. What are age-related changes?
(Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion)?
1. Increase in fat-to-water ratio, decrease in liver
function, decrease in GFR
Pharmacology: Cardiac Glycosides
1. What order of line of treatment is Digoxin?
2. Signs of Digoxin Overdose
3. Laboratory tests
,4. Treatment
1. Second and Third
2. N/V, Hyperkalemia, Confusion, visual color
changes
3. Digoxin level, CMP, EKG
4. Digoxin-specific antibodies
Pharmacology: Warfarin (Coumadin)
1. Category ____ for pregnancy.
2. Target INR for patients without mitral prosthetic
valves? With prosthetic valves?
3. Referral to ________ for initiation and stabilization
of warfarin dose.
4. How often do you check for consistently stable
INR?
5. How often do you check for single out-of-range
INR?
6. What do you educate the patient to do if the INR
less than 5 with no significant bleeding risk?
7. If one dose is missed, what do you do?
8. What kind of foods to avoid messing up the INR?
1. X
2. 2.0-3.0, 2.5-3.5
3. Cardiologist or anticoagulation clinic
4. Check every 2-4 weeks up to 12 weeks.
5. Continue warfarin dose, retest INR in 1-2 weeks.
6. Omit one dose, recheck INR.
7. Take the dose as soon as possible. Do not double
,dose.
8. Vitamin K foods
Pharmacology: Direct Oran Anticoagulants (DOAC)
1. Why are DOACs better than Warfarin?
2. Example of DOACs?
3. How long does it take for platelet function to
return to normal after a patient stops taking
Plavix?
1. Less monitoring and less side effects
2. Apixaban (Eliquis)
3. 10 days
Pharmacology: Thiazide Diuretics
1. Examples
2. Contraindication
3. Adverse effects
4. Patients with osteoporosis receive an extra
benefit from thiazide diuretics by reducing
__________ excretion (T/F)
1. HCTZ, Chlorthalidone
2. Sulfa allergy
3. Hykpokalemia, increases uric acid and increases
LDL
4. Calcium, True
Pharmacology: Potassium-Sparing Diuretics
1. Examples
, 2. Contraindication
3. Adverse effects
4. Do not combine with which cardiac drugs to
prevent hyperkalemia?
1. Triamterene, Amiloride
2. Hyperkalemia
3. Elevates K+ levels
4. ACEIs and ARBs
Pharmacology: Loop Diuretics
1. Examples
2. Contraindication/Allergy
3. Adverse effects
4. Which toxicity with loop diuretics can occur?
1. Furosemide
2. Sulfa Allergy
3. Hypokalemia, Hyponatremia, hypomagnesemia
4. Ototoxicity
Pharmacology: ACEIs and ARBs
1. Examples
2. Black Box Warning/Contraindications
3. Adverse Effects
4. ACEIs are first-line therapy for
5. ACEIs and ARBs protect the kidneys. But if
severe CKD, should you continue ACEIs and ARBs?
Why?
