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Principles of Human Heredity Exam 2 Questions & 100% correct AnswersLatest Test | Graded A+ | Passed

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Principles of Human Heredity

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Principles Of Human Heredity

Mode of Inheritance Ξ -:- Autosomal recessive Ξ Autosomal dominant Ξ X-linked dominant Ξ X-linked recessive Ξ Y-linked Mitochondrial Genotypic ratios persist but phenotypic ratios may vary due to: Ξ -:- .Alleles interacting with each other Ξ .Genes interacting with other genes and t...

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principles of human heredity exam 2 questions 10

Institution Principles of Human Heredity
Course Principles of Human Heredity

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E x c e l l e n c e i s k e y | 2 0 2 0 2 5 ~ P a g e |1

Principles of Human Heredity Exam 2
Questions & 100% correct Answers-
Latest Test | Graded A+ | Passed
Mode of Inheritance

Ξ -:- Autosomal recessive

Ξ Autosomal dominant

Ξ X-linked dominant

Ξ X-linked recessive

Ξ Y-linked Mitochondrial

Genotypic ratios persist but phenotypic ratios may vary due to:

Ξ -:- .Alleles interacting with each other

Ξ .Genes interacting with other genes and the environment

Ξ .Non-nuclear genes

Ξ .Lack of segregation of genes if on the same chromosome

Lethal Alleles

Ξ -:- .Allele combination are not compatible with life

Ξ . Allele combinations cause death before reproductive age.

Achondroplastic dwarfism

Ξ -:- a disorder of bone growth that prevents the changing of cartilage (particularly in

the long bones of the arms and legs)

26/08/2024 | © Copyright- This work may not be copied for profit.

, E x c e l l e n c e i s k e y | 2 0 2 0 2 5 ~ P a g e |2

Ξ a= normal height

Ξ A= achondroplasia

Multiple alleles

Ξ -:- .alternate forms of the same gene that influence the same trait

Ξ . while an individual carries two alleles per gene for each autosomal gene, the

population can contain many alleles for a given gene

. The different allele combinations often produce variations in the phenotype

Incomplete dominance

Ξ -:- .Heterozygous phenotype is between those of the two homozygotes

FAMILIAL HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA (FH)Heterozygote has approximately half the normal
number of receptors in the liver for LDL cholesterol

Homozygous for the mutant allele totally lacks the receptor, and so their serum cholesterol level is
very high

Codominant Alleles

Ξ -:- .Heterozygous phenotype results from the expression of both alleles.

EXAMPLE: ABO gene encodes a cell surface protein. IA allele produces A antigen. IB allele produces
B antigen. i (IO) allele does not produce antigens. Alleles IA and IB are codominant, and both are
completely dominant to i.

Epistasis

Ξ -:- When one gene affects the expression of a second gene.

EXAMPLE: Bombay phenotype

H gene is epistatic to the I gene. The H protein is a cell surface protein to which the A or B antigens
are attached. The hh genotype = no H protein expressed. Without H protein the A or B antigens can
not be attached to the surface of the RBC. All hh genotypes have the phenotype of type O, although
the ABO blood group can be anything (A, B, AB, or O)

26/08/2024 | © Copyright- This work may not be copied for profit.

, E x c e l l e n c e i s k e y | 2 0 2 0 2 5 ~ P a g e |3

Penetrance

Ξ -:- .The likelihood that a trait is expressed when you have the genotype

. Both genetic and environmental factors can affect penetrance.

Incomplete penetrance

Ξ -:- the disease phenotype is not always observed among individuals carrying the

disease-associated genotype.

variable expressivity

Ξ -:- A phenotype that varies in intensity

Expressivity

Ξ -:- Phenotype for a given genotype varies in intensity among different people

EXAMPLE: A dominant form of deafness: FF or Ff individuals can show mild, moderate or profound
deafness

Example of penetrance

Ξ -:- Probability that a disease phenotype will appear when a disease-related

genotype is present. It is an all-or-none expression of a single gene.

Camptodactyly

Ξ -:- Stiff, permanently bent little fingers (autosomal dominant)

Gene expression

Ξ -:- .many factors can effect

. there are genotypes from which the phenotype is not easily predicted, because of gene-gene
interaction and gene-environment interaction

26/08/2024 | © Copyright- This work may not be copied for profit.

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