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Chem&219 Unit 5 Exam Questions & Answers.
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Chem&219 Unit 5 Exam Questions & Answers.
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Chem&219 Unit 5 Exam Questions &Answers
Generic mformula mfor malcohols m- mANS-R-OH
phenol m- mANS-hydroxy-substituted maromatic mmolecules m(any mcompound mwith man
m-OH mattached mto ma mbenzene mring)
IUPAC msystem mrules mfor mnaming morganic malcohols m- mANS-- morganic malcohols
mare mnamed mby mreplacing mthe msuffix mof mthe mparent mchain mof mthe mmolecule
mwith mthe msuffix m-ol
- mThe mparent mchain mis mnumbered mso mas mto mgive mthe mhydroxyl mgroup mthe
mlowest mpossible mnumber. m(examples: m1-propanol, mand mcyclohexanol)
- mwith munsaturated malcohols mthe m-ol msuffix mcomes mlast mand mtakes mpriority mwhen
mnumbering mthe mparent mchain m(2-propene-1-ol)
- mMolecules mwith mmore mthan mone m-OH mgroup mget ma mprefix mdescribing mthe
mnumber mof m-OH mgroups madded mto mthe mIUPAC mname. m(ethane-1,2-diol)
Molecules mwith mmore mthan mone m-OH mgroup m- mANS-polyols
IUPAC mrules mfor mphenols m- mANS-- mthe msuffix mfor man malcohol msubstituted
mbenzene mis m"phenol"
- mstart mthe mnumbering mat mthe mOH mgroup m(so mOH mis mat mthe m1 mposition)
(examples: mphenol, m3-methylphenol, m2,4-dinitrophenol)
Why mcan malcohols mform mstrong mhydrogen mbonds? m- mANS-Due mto mthe mpresence
mof mthe mhydroxyl mgroup, mas mthe mO-H mbond mis mhighly mpolarized mby mthe
melectronegative moxygen matom. mThis mpolarization mplaces ma m+ mcharge mon mthe
mhydrogen matom mand ma m- mcharge mon mthe moxygen matom. mThe mpolarization min
mthe mO-H mbond mon mone malcohol mmolecule mbecomes mattracted mto mthe
mpolarization min mthe mO-H mbond mof manother malcohol mmolecule.
Why mdo malcohols mhave mmuch mhigher mboiling mpoints mthan mother mmolecules mof
msimilar mmolecular mweight? m- mANS-hydrogen mbonding mbetween malcohol
mmolecules
, These mattractions mraise mthe mamount mof menergy mrequired mto mvaporize mthe mliquid-
phase mmolecules m(boil), mwhich mtranslates minto mincreased mboiling mpoint
mtemperatures.
Alcohol mmolecules mcan mfreely mhydrogen mbond mto mother mmolecules mpossessing
mwhat mgroups? m- mANS-O-H, mN-H, mor mS-H mfunctional mgroupings
How mdoes mthe mwater msolubility mof malcohol mmolecules mchange mas mthe mmolecular
mweight mchanges? m- mANS-Alcohol mmolecules mof mlower mmolecular mweight mare
mmostly msoluble min mwater mas ma mresult mof mthe mability mto mhydrogen mbond mto mOH,
mNH, mor mSH mgroups. mAs mthe mmolecular mweight mor mcarbon-chain mlength
mincreases, mthe malcohol mmolecules mbecome mcorrespondingly mless msoluble min
mwater.
How mdo malcohols mand mphenols mact mas mweak macids mand mweak mbases? m- mANS--
macts mas man macid mby mdonating mthe mO-H mproton mas mH
- macts mas ma mbase mby maccepting mH+ musing ma mlone mpair mon mthe mO matom
amphoteric msubstances m- mANS-Substances mthat mcan mact mas mboth macids mand
mbases m(alcohols mand mphenols)
Why mis macid mdissociation mfor mmost malcohols munfavorable m(lies mtowards mthe
mleft)? m- mANS-Dissociation mproduces man malkoxide mion m(the mconjugate mbase mof
man malcohol), mwhich mis ma mvery mstrong mbase.
How mcan myou mconduct macid-base mreactions mthat mfavor mthe mformation mof mweaker
mconjugate macids/bases? m- mANS-To mpromote m(favor) mthe mformation mof mthe
malkoxide mion, mthe malcohol mcan mbe mtreated mwith msodium mor mpotassium mmetal
m(Na mor mK) mor ma mbase mthat mis mstronger mthan mthe mRO- mion mproduced.
protonation mof man malcohol m- mANS-When malcohols mact mas mweak mbases mby musing
ma mlone mpair mon mthe moxygen matom mof mthe mhydroxyl mgroup, malcohols mcan
maccept ma mproton mwhen mthey mare mplaced min man macidic menvironment.
What mis mthe mproduct mof mthe mprotonation mof man malcohol mcalled? m- mANS-
alkyloxonium mion
What mis ma mDehydration mreaction mfor malcohols?
What mhappens mduring ma mdehydration mreaction mfor malcohols? m- mANS-- mA mspecific
mtype mof melimination mreaction. mIn ma mdehydration mreaction, man malcohol mmolecule
mwill mlose mH2O mto mform man malkene. mAlcohols mundergo ma mreaction mknown mas
mdehydration mwhen mthey mare mheated mwith mstrong mmineral macids m(like msulfuric mor
mphosphoric).
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