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MCPHS Microbiology Self Paced Questions and Answers Latest 2024/2025 with complete solutions
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Which of these conditions would NOT affect the ability of Streptococcus mutans to attach to teeth? - The absence of Actinomyces, a bacterium that can be part of dental plaque cell wall components - M proteins: mediates attachment and resists phagocytosis (strep. pyogenes) Opa protein: assist at...

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  • August 27, 2024
  • 26
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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  • mcphs microbiology self paced

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  • MCPHS Microbiology Self Paced
  • MCPHS Microbiology Self Paced

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MCPHS Microbiology Self Paced
Which of these conditions would NOT affect the ability of Streptococcus mutans to attach to teeth? -
The absence of Actinomyces, a bacterium that can be part of dental plaque



cell wall components - M proteins: mediates attachment and resists phagocytosis (strep.
pyogenes)

Opa protein: assist attachment and recept mediated endocytosis, inhibs helper t cells (n. gonorrhoeae)

Mycolic acid: Waxy, resists digestion (mycobacterium TB)



Pathogenicity - The ability to cause disease



Virulence - the extent of pathogenicity



Portals of entry - mucous membranes, skin, parenteral route



ID50 (infectious dose) - The number of microbes that must enter the body to establish infection in
50% of test animals is expressed as the ID50



LD50 - lethal dose (of a toxin) for 50% of the test population



Adherence - Adhesions / ligands bind to receptors on host cells, form biofims

Glycocalyx: streptococcus mutans

Fimbriae: E.coli

M proteins: Strepoccus pyogenes

Pili, flagella, glycoproteins, lipoproteins



Capsules - resist phagocytosis - Strep. Pneumoniae, Hib, bacillus anthracis

,Enzymes - Coagulase: coagulates fibrinogen

Kinases: digest fibrin clots

hyaluronidase: hydrolyzes hyaluronic acid

Collagenase: hydrolyzes collagen

IgA proteases: destroys IgA antibodies



antigenic variation - Alteration of surface antigens to avoid detection by host antibodies

Examples: flu, gonorrhea, trypanosoma brucei gambiense



Invasins: Penetration into the host cell cytoskeleton - Salmonella alters host actin to enter a host
cell

Listeria uses actin to move from one cell to the next



Direct damage caused by - disrupting the host cells function

produces waste products

toxins

induce hypersensitive reactions

damage immediate vicinity

use hosts nutrients (iron) -siderophores



Siderophores - proteins that free host stores of iron



Toxin - substance that contributes to pathogenicity



Toxoid - inactivated toxin used in a vaccine



Antitoxin - antibodies against a specific toxin

, Endotoxins - the lipid portions of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) that are part of the outer membrane
of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria. The endotoxins are liberated when the bacteria die and the
cell wall breaks apart.



PART OF BACTERIAL CELL NOT A PRODUCT



Lipid NOT proteins



all produce same SS



Exotoxins - specific for a structure or function in host cell

Can be gram pos or neg

Are proteins, enzymes

secreted into medium during log phase

most lethal

produce SS



Classification of exotoxins - 1. Based on host cell attacked (cardiotoxin)

2. Disease they are associated with: tetanus

3. Bacterium that produces it: botulinum

4. Structure/function: A-B, Membrane-disrupting, superantigens



A-B exotoxin - A: Alters cell function by inhibiting protein synthesis

B: Binding compenent



examples: Corynebacterium diphtheria, clostridium botulinum, c. tetani, vibrio cholerae



membrane disrupting exotoxins - lyse host cells by disrupting plasma membranes/disrupt
phospholipid bilayer

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