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Integumentary System Functions - Provide protection, regulate temperature, prevents water loss, and helps produce vitamin D Major Organs of the Body - Brain, spinal cord, lung, heart, liver, spleen, pancreas, stomach, gallbladder, kidneys, small intestine, large intestine, urinary bladder Anato...

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  • August 27, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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MCPHS A&P 1 - Exam 1
Integumentary System Functions - Provide protection, regulate temperature, prevents water loss,
and helps produce vitamin D



Major Organs of the Body - Brain, spinal cord, lung, heart, liver, spleen, pancreas, stomach,
gallbladder, kidneys, small intestine, large intestine, urinary bladder



Anatomy - Scientific discipline that investigates the body's structure



Physiology - Scientific investigation of the processes or functions of living things



Systemic Anatomy - Studied system by system



Surface Anatomy - External form and relation to deeper structures as x-ray in anatomic imaging



Cytology - Cellular anatomy



Histology - Study of tissues



Microscopic anatomy - Includes cytology and histology; structures that must be examined with a
microscope



Cell Physiology - Exams processes in cells



Systemic Physiology - Functions of organ systems



Nuerophysiology - Focuses on the nervous system

,Cardiovascular Physiology - The heart and blood vessels



Pathology - Structural and functional changes caused by disease



Exercise Physiology - Changes in structure and function caused by exercise



Chemical Level - Interaction of atoms



Cell Level - Structural and functional unit of living organisms



Tissue Level - Group of similar cells and the materials surrounding them



Organ Level - One or more tissues functioning together



Organ System Level - Group of organs functioning together



Organism level - Any Living Thing



Structural and Functional Organization of the Human Body - atoms -> molecules -> cell -> tissue ->
organ -> organ system -> organism



Integumentary System - Consists of skin, hair, nails, and sweat glands



Skeletal System Functions - Provides protection and support, allows body movements, produces
blood cells, and stores minerals and fats



Skeletal System - Consists of bones, associated cartilages, ligaments, and joints

,Muscular System Functions - Produces body movements, maintains posture, and produces body
heat



Muscular System - Consists of muscles attached to the skeleton by tendons



Lymphatic System Functions - Removes foreign substances from the blood and lymph, combats
disease, maintains tissue fluid balance, and absorbs fats from the digestive tract



Lymphatic System - Consists of the lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, and other lymphatic organs



Respiratory System Functions - Consists of the lungs and respiratory passages



Respiratory System - Consists of the lungs and respiratory passages



Digestive System Functions - Performs the mechanical and chemical processes of digestion,
absorption of nutrients, and elimination of wastes



Digestive System - Consists of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, and accessory organ



Nervous System Functions - A major regulatory system that detects sensations and controls
movements, physiological processes, and intellectual functions



Nervous System - Consists of the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory receptors



Endocrine System Functions - A major regulatory system that influences metabolism, growth,
reproduction, and many other functions



Endocrine System - Consists of glands, such as the pituitary, that secrete hormones

, Cardiovascular System Functions - Transports nutrients, waste products, gases, and hormones
throughout the body; plays a role in the immune response and regulation of body temperature



Cardiovascular System - Consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood



Urinary System Functions - Remove waste products from the blood and regulates blood pH, ion
balance, and water



Urinary System - Consists of the kidneys, urinary bladder, and ducts that carry urine



Female Reproductive System Functions - Produces oocytes and is the site of fertilization and fetal
development; produces milk for newborn; produces hormones that influence sexual function and
behaviors



Female Reproductive System - Consists of ovaries, vagina, uterus, mammary glands, and
associated structures



Male Reproductive System Functions - Produces and transfers sperm cells to the female and
produces hormones that influence sexual functions and behaviors



Male Reproductive System - Consists of the testes, accessory structures, ducts, and penis



Characteristics of Life - Organization, Metabolism, Responsiveness, Growth, Development,
Differentiation, Morphogenesis, Reproduction



Organization - Condition in which there are specific relationships and functions



Metabolism - All chemical reactions of the body



Responsiveness - Abiilty to sense changes and adjust

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