N224, wk 1: principles of pharmacology I; Lehne ch
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N224, wk 1: principles of pharmacology I;
Lehne ch 1-11 (Answered) 170 Questions and
Correct Answers. Updated Fall 2024/2025.
polar vs nonpolar solvents
polar dissolves in polar solvents sucha as water but not in nonpolar solvents such as oil.
Chapters 1-11: Objectives
1. Describe the big three properties of an ideal drug
2. Explain the significance of the Drug Quality and Security Act
3. Explain the stages of new drug development
4. List one problem each with using generic names and trade names
5. Explain the four basic pharmacokinetic processes
6. Identify the three ways a drug can cross a cell membrane
7. Describe the process of ion trapping
8. Determine how the rate and amount of absorption are related to drug effects
9. Compare and contrast the barriers, absorption patterns, advantages, and disadvantages with different
routes of administration
10. Explain the first-pass effect and enterohepatic recirculation
11. Describe the various oral formulations and how they affect absorption
12. Describe how protein binding affects plasma drug levels
13. Determine the impact inducers or inhibitors can have on drug metabolism
14. Identify two examples each of drugs which act as enzyme inhibitors and inducers
15. Describe the steps of renal drug excretion
16. Define drug half-life and when steady state is attained
17. Identify ways to reduce drug level fluctuations
18. Explain the differences of maximal efficacy vs. relative potency
19. Define the following terms: affinity, intrinsic activity, agonists, and antagonists
20. Identify the consequences of drug-drug interactions
21. Identify questions to help narrow down the possibility of adverse drug reactions
22. List two medication error reporting forms and their differences
23. Review the various pregnancy categories
24. Review the counseling requirements of a woman of childbearing age
25. Understand differences of blood brain barrier, protein binding, hepatic metabolism, and renal
excretion in the pediatric population
26. Understand differences of hepatic metabolism and renal excretion in the elderly population
Table of Contents Lehne 9th Edition
1 Orientation of pharmacology 1
2 Application of pharmacology in nursing practice
3 Drug regulation, development, names, and information 15
,4 Pharmacokinetics 25
5 Pharmacodynamics 46
6 Drug interactions 58
7 Adverse drug reactions and medication errors
8 Individual variation in drug responses
9 Drug therapy during pregnancy and breast-feeding
10 Drug therapy in pediatric patients
11 Drug therapy in geriatric patients
12 Basic principles of neuropharmacology
13 Physiology of the peripheral nervous system
14 Muscarinic agonists and antagonists
15 Cholinesterase inhibitors and their use in myasthenia gravis 132
16 Drugs that block nicotinic cholinergic transmission : neuromuscular blocking agents and ganglionic
blocking agents 140
17 Adrenergic agonists 150
18 Adrenergic antagonists 163
19 Indirect-acting antiadrenergic agents
20 Introduction to central nervous system pharmacology 181
21 Drugs for Parkinson's disease
22 Alzheimer's disease 198
23 Drugs for multiple sclerosis
24 Drugs for epilepsy 215
25 Drugs for muscle spasm and spasticity
26 Local anesthetics 242
27 General anesthetics 249
28 Opioid (narcotic) analgesics, opioid antagonists, and nonopioid centrally acting analgesics
29 Pain management in patients with cancer
30 Drugs for headache 300
31 Antipsychotic agents and their use in schizophrenia
32 Antidepressants 330
33 Drugs for bipolar disorder 353
34 Sedative-hypnotic drugs 363
35 Management of anxiety disorders
36 Central nervous systems stimulants and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
37 Drug abuse I : basic considerations
38 Drug abuse II : alcohol 405
39 Drug abuse III : major drugs and abuse (other than alcohol)
40 Diuretics 436
41 Agents affecting the volume and ion content of body fluids 449
42 Review of hemodynamics 454
43 Drugs acting on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
44 Calcium channel blockers 473
45 Vasodilators 481
46 Drugs for hypertension 487
,47 Drugs for heart failure 509
48 Antidysrhythmic drugs 526
49 Prophylaxis of coronary heart disease : drugs that lower LDL cholesterol levels 546
50 Drugs for angina pectoris 571
51 Anticoagulant, antiplatelet, and thrombolytic drugs
52 Management of ST-elevation myocardial infarction
53 Drugs for hemophilia 615
54 Drugs for deficiency anemias
55 Hematopoietic growth factors
56 Drugs for diabetes mellitus
57 Drugs for thyroid disorders
58 Drugs related to hypothalamic and pituitary fxn
59 Drugs for disorders of the adrenal cortex
60 Estrogens and progestins : basic pharmacology and noncontraceptive applications
61 Birth control 720
62 Drug therapy of infertility
63 Drugs that affect uterine function
64 Androgens 753
65 Drugs for erectile dysfunction and benign prostatic hyperplasia
66 Review of the immune system
67 Childhood immunization
68 Immunosuppressants
69 Antihistamines 802
70 Cyclooxygenase inhibitors : nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and acetaminophen
71 Glucocorticoids in nonendocrine diseases
72 Drug therapy of rheumatoid arthritis and gout
73 Drugs affecting calcium levels and bone mineralization 847
74 Drugs for asthma 866
75 Drugs for allergic rhinitis, cough, and colds
76 Drugs for peptic ulcer disease
77 Laxatives 904
78 Other gastrointestinal drugs
79 Vitamins 925
80 Enteral and parenteral nutrition
81 Drugs for obesity 940
82 Basic principles of antimicrobial therapy
83 Drugs that weaken the bacterial cell wall I : penicillins
84 Drugs that weaken the bacteria cell wall II : cephalosporins, carbapenems, vancomycin, aztreonam,
teicoplanin, and fosfomycin
85 Bacteriostatic inhibitors of protein synthesis : tetracyclines, macrolides, and others
86 Aminoglycosides : bactericidal inhibitors of protein synthesis
87 Sulfonamides and trimethoprim
88 Drug therapy of urinary tract infections
89 Antimycobacterial agents : drugs for tuberculosis, leprosy, and Mycobacterium avium complex
, infection
90 Miscellaneous antibacterial drugs : fluoroquinolones, metronidazole, daptomycin, rifampin,
bacitracin, and polymyxins
91 Antifungal agents 1035
92 Antiviral agents I : drugs for non-HIV viral infections
ch 1
Orientation to Pharmacology
pharmacology
Study of drugs and their interactions with biological or living systems.
includes knowledge of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion.
Clinical Pharmacology
Study of drugs in humans
Pharmacology embraces
Physical/ Chemical properties
Biological effects
Therapeutic uses of drugs
Drugs
Any chemical that can affect living processes
eg, herbs
Therapeutics
Medical use of drugs to diagnose, prevent or treat disease.
Therapeutics is our principal concern.
Medical us of drugs.
Big Three Properties of an Ideal Drug
1. Effectiveness:
-Drug elicits the response for which it is given
-Most important property a drug can have
2. Safety:
-All drugs have ability to cause injury, especially at high doses and prolonged duration
-Reduce AEs by appropriate drug selection and dosing
3. Selectivity: targets one main receptor. ideally we want to target the one receptor.
-Selective drug elicits only response for which it is given
-All drugs must be proven safe and effective prior to marketing approval from the FDA
other properties of ideal drug
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