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TOXICOLOGY EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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TOXICOLOGY EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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TOXICOLOGYEXAM 1
QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
When considering the dose-response relationship for an essential substance______ -
Answers -adverse responses increase in severity with increasing or decreasing
dosages outside of the homeostatic range.
T/F: Modern toxicology is concerned with the study of the adverse effects of chemicals
on ancient forms of life - Answers -False
T/F. Modern toxicology studies embrace principles from such disciplines as
biochemistry, botany, chemistry, physiology, and physics. - Answers -True
Knowledge of the toxicology of poisonous agents was published earliest in the _____ -
Answers -Ebers papyrus
Quantal dose-response relationships allow for the analysis of what? - Answers -A
population's response to varying dosage
___ effect happens when the combined effects of two chemicals are much greater than
the sum of the effects of each agent alone. - Answers -synergistic
___ occur when one substance does not have a toxic effect on a certain organ or
system, but when added to another chemical makes that chemical much more toxic. -
Answers -Potentiation
When considering the dose-response relationship for an essential substance, adverse
responses________ - Answers -increase in severity with increasing or decreasing
dosages outside of the homeostatic range.
, What does the therapeutic index of a drug do? - Answers -Describes the ratio of the
toxic dose to the therapeutic dose of a drug.
Treatment with penicillin is a good example of _____ - Answers -selective toxicity
What decreases the amount of toxin reaching its site of action? - Answers -Excretion via
the kidneys
Toxication is the biotransformation of a toxin to a more toxic and reactive species.
Name four reactive chemical species commonly formed by toxication - Answers -
electrophiles, nucleophiles, superoxide anions, hydroxy radicals
T/F: Formation of a redox-active reactant is an important step in detoxification of
chemicals - Answers -False
Name 4 important steps in detoxification of chemicals - Answers -Formation of
hydrogen peroxide by glutathione peroxidase, formation of hydrogen peroxide by
superoxide dismutase, reduction of GSSG by GR, conversion of hydrogen peroxide to
water and molecular oxygen by catalase.
T/F: Opening of ion channels is not a common effect of toxicants on target molecules -
Answers -True
Blockage of neurotransmitter receptors, interference with DNA replication due to adduct
formation, cross-linking of endogenous molecules, and _______ , are common effects
of toxicants on target molecules - Answers -Mounting of an immune response
Which proteins functions to prevent the progression of the cell cycle? - Answers -IkB
What would have the largest negative impact on intracellular ATP levels? - Answers -
interference with electron delivery to the electron transport chain
What happens when a toxin induces elevation of cytoplasmic calcium levels? - Answers
-Mitochondrial uptake of calcium dissipates the electrochemical gradient needed to
synthesize ATP.
Apoptosis can serve as a tissue repair process in a number of cell types. In which cell
type would this be a plausible mechanism of tissue repair? - Answers -Gastrointestinal
epithelium
• Is the study of five time-dependent processes
related to toxicants as they interact with
living organisms. Absorption, distribution,
storage, biotransformation and elimination. - Answers -Toxicokinetics
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