AC-HPAT Biology Latest Update 2024-2025
Actual Exam 125 Questions and 100% Verified
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Absorption - CORRECT ANSWER: Absorption is a complex process, in which nutrients
from digested food are harvested. Absorption can occur through five mechanisms: (1)
active transport, (2) passive diffusion, (3) facilitated diffusion, (4) co-transport (or
secondary active transport), and (5) endocytosis.
active transport - CORRECT ANSWER: active transport is the movement of molecules
across a membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher
concentration—against the concentration gradient. Active transport requires cellular
energy to achieve this movement.
Alveolus - CORRECT ANSWER: An alveolus is an anatomical structure that has the
form of a hollow cavity and is found in the lung parenchyma (tissue inside the lung). The
pulmonary alveoli are the terminal ends of the respiratory tree that outcrop from either
alveolar sacs or alveolar ducts; both are sites of gas exchange.
Anatomy and morphology of eukaryotes: - CORRECT ANSWER: eukaryotic cell has a
plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and ribosomes. However, unlike prokaryotic cells,
eukaryotic cells have: numerous membrane-bound organelles (including the
endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, chloroplasts, and mitochondria) several rod-
shaped chromosomes.
Anatomy and morphology of viruses - CORRECT ANSWER: A virus consists of a
nucleic acid core, an outer protein coating or capsid, and sometimes an outer envelope
made of protein and phospholipid membranes derived from the host cell. The capsid is
made up of protein subunits called capsomeres.
Anatomy and morphology or prokaryotes - CORRECT ANSWER: Prokaryotes are
unicellular organisms that lack organelles or other internal membrane-bound structures.
Therefore, they do not have a nucleus, but, instead, generally have a single
,chromosome: a piece of circular, double-stranded DNA located in an area of the cell
called the nucleoid.
Artery - CORRECT ANSWER: Artery, in human physiology, any of the vessels that, with
one exception, carry oxygenated blood and nourishment from the heart to the tissues of
the body. The exception, the pulmonary artery, carries oxygen-depleted blood to the
lungs for oxygenation and removal of excess carbon dioxide (see pulmonary circulation)
artificial insemination - CORRECT ANSWER: Artificial insemination (AI) is the deliberate
introduction of sperm into a female's cervix or uterine cavity for the purpose of achieving
a pregnancy through in vivo fertilization by means other than sexual intercourse.
Asthma - CORRECT ANSWER: Asthma is a condition in which your airways narrow and
swell and produce extra mucus. This can make breathing difficult and trigger coughing,
wheezing and shortness of breath.
Binary Fission - CORRECT ANSWER: Binary fission ("division in half") is a kind of
asexual reproduction. It is the most common form of reproduction in prokaryotes such
as bacteria. It occurs in some single-celled Eukaryotes like the Amoeba and the
Paramoecium. In binary fission DNA replication and segregation occur simultaneously.
(bacteria)
Breathing - CORRECT ANSWER: During inhalation, the lungs expand with air and
oxygen diffuses across the lung's surface, entering the bloodstream. During exhalation,
the lungs expel air and lung volume decreases.
Bronchi - CORRECT ANSWER: It divides into two principal bronchi, tubes which
conduct air into the lungs, and they divide into two lobar bronchi for the left lung, and
into four lobar bronchi for the right lung. These further divide into smaller bronchi and
bronchioles within the lung tissue.
Bronchioles - CORRECT ANSWER: Bronchioles are air passages inside the lungs that
branch off like tree limbs from the bronchi—the two main air passages into which air
flows from the trachea (windpipe) after being inhaled through the nose or mouth. The
bronchioles deliver air to tiny sacs called alveoli where oxygen and carbon dioxide are
exchanged
, Calvin Cycle - CORRECT ANSWER: · The Calvin Cycle reactions occur in the stroma of
the chloroplasts. Although these reactions can take place without light, the process
requires ATP and NADPH which were created using light in the first stage. Carbon
dioxide and energy from ATP along with NADPH are used to form glucose.
Cancer - CORRECT ANSWER: cancer is a term for diseases in which abnormal cells
divide without control and can invade nearby tissues. Cancer cells can also spread to
other parts of the body through the blood and lymph systems. There are several main
types of cancer.
Capillary - CORRECT ANSWER: Capillary, in human physiology, any of the minute
blood vessels that form networks throughout the bodily tissues; it is through the
capillaries that oxygen, nutrients, and wastes are exchanged between the blood and the
tissues.
Carbohydrates function - CORRECT ANSWER: Carbohydrates are the most abundant
biomolecule on Earth. Living organisms use carbohydrates as accessible energy to fuel
cellular reactions and for structural support inside cell walls. Cells attach carbohydrate
molecules to proteins and lipids, modifying structures to enhance functionality.
Carcinogen - CORRECT ANSWER: A carcinogen is any substance, radionuclide, or
radiation that promotes carcinogenesis, the formation of cancer. This may be due to the
ability to damage the genome or to the disruption of cellular metabolic processes
Cardiology - CORRECT ANSWER: Cardiology is a medical specialty and a branch of
internal medicine concerned with disorders of the heart. It deals with the diagnosis and
treatment of such conditions as congenital heart defects, coronary artery disease,
electrophysiology, heart failure and valvular heart disease.
catalyst - CORRECT ANSWER: Catalyst: a substance that increases the rate of a
chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change.
