Exam (elaborations)
CITP Exam 1 Guide Questions and Answers
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Exam of 15 pages for the course CITP at CITP (CITP Exam 1 Guide)
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CITP Exam 1 GuideDefine "culture" and its major components. - answer Culture, for law enforcement
purposes, can very generally be defined as learned behavior associated with:
a. The collective way of life of the people in a particular group.
b. The standards, perspectives and the physical objects that constitute our everyday
lives.
c. The shared sets of "understandings" and expectations about how to think, feel and
act.
d. The sum total of ways of living built by a group of human beings.
e. Learned and transmitted from generation to generation.
Demonstrate and/or identify principal barriers to effective cross-cultural communications
- answer There are four primary barriers to cross cultural communications that will be
discussed: Language, Ignorance of Cultural Norms, Prejudice, and Ethnocentrism.
Identify racial profiling (to include race, color and perceived ethnic background) and the
potential negative impacts that it may have on effective law enforcement. -
answerRacial profiling is the use, by law enforcement officers, of race or ethnicity as the
sole factor to justify initiating a stop, conducting a search or focusing an investigation on
a particular individual or individuals.
Identify skills for improving cross-cultural communication. - answerIt is virtually
impossible to learn every aspect and characteristic of the many cultures a law
enforcement professional will come in contact with. But it is possible and it is expected
to:
a) Treat all as individuals with respect, while remaining safe.
b) Understand and avoid confirmation bias. Instead, seek valid information and
corroboration on a case by case bases or individual by individual, in search of the truth.
c) Understand and avoid bias by not dismissing information that challenges an already
established opinion or belief (belief perseverance). Seek all information.
d) Understand and avoid illusory correlations perceptions of associations that do not
exist (instead of assuming that a person is a criminal because they live in a high crime
neighborhood): Hear their story.
Demonstrate and/or identify interpersonal and communication skills required to
generate rapport and obtain reliable information. - answerSelf-concept, active listening,
listening is a gift, mimicry/mirroring, self-disclosure, establishing common ground, and
motivational interviewing (MI).
, Motivational Interviewing (MI) - answera. Autonomy - Allowing the interviewee to
cognitively or emotionally process the situation in light of the evidence, and elect to be
truthful and cooperative. Create in your interviewees the perception that they have
some control in their interview (that they're making autonomous decisions). You're
actually in control, allowing the interviewee to cognitively and/or emotionally process the
situation, and to come to the conclusion of cooperation and truthfulness on his/her own.
By allowing the interviewee to guide the conversation or by setting up your interview
room so that he/she feels comfortable and in control are examples of how you might
afford an interviewee autonomy.
b. Acceptance - Listen without judgment. When we listen, actively in particular, without
conveying judgment through either our actions or our words, we communicate
acceptance to the speaker, which encourages him/her to continue talking. You needn't
disingenuously support or condone what he/she did to communicate acceptance; just
listen without judgment.
c. Adaptation - Appropriately meeting resistance and adapting to the interviewee's
behavior meet resistance with reflection instead of confrontation. Meet resistance and
adapt to the interviewee's behavior. What does your interviewee want to talk about? If
he/she wants to tell you about who he/she is and what he/she stands for, let him/her
(adapt to him/her) rather than insisting that he/she tell you right now about everything
that happened. Adaptation can also refer to mirroring; you can mirror or adapt to an
interviewee's speech or behavior to build rapport and facilitate better communication.
Adaptation goes handinhand with Autonomy.
d. Empathy - the attempt of a selfaware person to comprehend, without making
judgments, both the positive and negative experiences of another (Inzunza, 2014). De
Psychology of Persuasion - answer1) RECIPROCITY. We inherently want to return
favors. This occurs in all societies. In the context of obligation, people say "yes" or feel
obligated to reciprocate what is given to them. Caution must be given when considering
this principle in law enforcement settings. Tangible or nontangible things must remain
an element of social (not procedural or judicial) exchange, and the criminal investigator
should be the first to give.
2) LIKING (which involves similarity and flattery). We're more easily persuaded by those
we like and feel good about or to whom we're similar, so highlighting whatever
similarities you can find between yourself and your interviewee will leverage this. Just
because your interviewee is 60 and you're 30 doesn't mean you're hopelessly dissimilar.
Maybe your father is the same age as your interviewee and there are other similarities
between the two of them, or you're the same age as his/her children and similar to
them. These associations can also suffice. Of course, the closer the similarity between
you and your interviewee, the better. Giving compliments (flattery) is another part of
LIKING (you like or admire something about or related to the interviewee and express
this "liking"). If we perceive that someone is being sincere in complimenting us, we tend
to feel good about that person and grateful to him/her for what was said.
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