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CITP Test 5; The Last One
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CITP Test 5; The Last OneWhat are the effects of an explosion? - answerThermal Effect
Blast Pressure Effect
Fragmentation Effect
T/F: Thermal effecs are generally the most damaging of the three primary effects? -
answerFalse; Fragmentation is usually the most damaging.
What is important to know about thermal effect high explosives? - answerThey produce
higher temperature thermal effects but for a shorter duration.
What is important to know about thermal effect low explosives? - answerThey produce
lower temperature thermal effects but for a longer duration.
What is the blast pressure effect? - answerWhen very hot gases are formed in
approximately 1/10,000 of a second expand out from the point of detonation at
supersonic velocities, up to 20,000 mph.
What are the two distinct phases of the blast pressure effect? - answerThe Positive
Phase and Negative Phase.
T/F: The negative phase is typically three times longer than the positive phase but less
intense. - answerTrue.
The four types of injuries sustained during a blast are: - answerPrimary Blast Injury:
Direct effects of blast upon the body
Secondary Blast Injury: Propelled fragmentation
Tertiary Blast Injury: Casualty's body is propelled against a stationary object
Qauternary Blast Injury: Being crushed or burns.
___________ blast injury is the most common cause of death in explosions. -
answerSecondary Blast Injury (Fragmentation)
IED's may have precut/preformed objects (ie ball bearings, hexagonal nuts, nails, etc)
placed within or along the device to serve what purpose? - answerTo form
fragmentation when the IED detonates.
, What is primary fragmentation? - answerFragments produced by the IED or explosive
container.
What is secondary fragmentation? - answerObject propelled from around the detonation
point, and fractured pieces of the intended target that become lethal missiles.
IED's generally consist of what four components? - answerPower source
Initiator
Explosive
Switch
(PIES)
Also may be a fifth - the container.
Examples of power source for an IED? - answerBatteries (electric)
Coiled Spring(mechanical)
Flame(Heat).
Examples of initiators for an IED? - answerBlasting Caps
Spark Plug
Photographic Flash Bulb
Automobile Light Bulb
Trick Birthday Candles
Matches
Examples of explosives for an IED? - answerBlack Powder
Pyrodex
Smokeless Powder
Maglite
High explosives are subdivided into three explosive classes, differentiated by sensitivity,
what are they? - answerPrimary, Secondary, Tertiary or Blasting Agents.
Primary explosives are extremely sensitive to what? - answerMechanical shock, friction
and heat.
Secondary explosives (also called base explosives) are
______________________________________________________ to prevent
unintended explosions. - answerrelatively insensitive to heat, shock and friction
T/F: Tertiary explosives are insensitive to shock and they cannot be reliably detonated
with practical quantities of primary explosive and require a secondary explosive. -
answerTrue
T/F: Only one switch may be used to arm and initiate the device. - answerFalse; More
than one switch may be used to arm and initiate the device, providing redundancy and
increasing reliability in the firing circuit.
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