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545 Patho Exam 3 2024 Questions and Answers ( A+ GRADED 100% VERIFIED).
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545 Patho Exam 3 2024STD-RISK
what group is at greatest risk for exposure and infection of STI
Adolescents due to risky behaviors. Exploration, and lack of protection.
STI-DEFINITION
sexually transmitted disease
general term for any disease that can be spread by intimate or sexual contact.
--includes hepatitis and tb.
--- prevalent in all social economical and racial grps
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STI-TYPES GU
What are the 5 types of GU STI's
-bacterial
-viral
-protozoal
-parasitic
-fungal
STI-TYPES BACTERIAL
what are the types of GU bacterial infections
,-gonorrhea
-syphilis
-chancroid
-granuloma inguinale
-bacterial vaginosis
STI-BACTERIAL-SYPHILIS
What is the pathophysiology, etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic tests, treatment, and
complications; what organism causes each STD and is it viral, bacterial How is each transmitted
during pregnancy to the fetus of syphilis?
on the rise from men having sex with men
Treponema pallidum
-a corkscrew-shaped, anaerobic bacterium that cannot be cultured in vitro
-infects any body tissue
-becomes a systemic disease shortly after infection
---maternal fetal transmission can occur as early as 9 wks gest.
tests
-Darkfield microscopy and serologic testing
f
STI-BACTERIAL GONORRHEA
What is the pathophysiology, etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic tests, treatment, and
complications; what organism causes each STD and is it viral, bacterial How is each transmitted
during pregnancy to the fetus of gonorrhea?
-caused by neisseria gonorrhoeae
-transmission generally requires the contact of epithelial surfaces
---presence of pili helps n. gonorrhoeae attach to epithelial cell.
-pregnant woman can pass gonorrhea to her fetus and a mother can pass to newborn
-humans are only known hosts
common sites
endocervical canal (inner portion of the cervix) most common site for women
urethra
skene and or bartholin glands
urethra/rectum most common site for men
clinical manifestations
Men: sudden onset painful urination or purulent penile discharge or both
Women:
asymptomatic
,dysuria
increased vaginal discharge, increased flow or dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, lower abdominal
and or pelvic pain
fever mucopurulent discharge from the cervical os
treatment
-antibiotic (ceftriaxone)
-multidrug administration to reduce resistance
-treatment of partners
-avoidance of sex until infection is resolved then prevention.
complications
pelvic inflammatory disease
sterility
disseminated infection
DGI
-disseminated gonococcal infection- rare systemic complication brought about by the spread of
infection through the bloodstream
-life threatening condition causing a generalized rash and severe joint pain.
perihepatitis
spread of N gonorrhoeae to the liver
"ophthalmia neonatorum"
gonococcal eye infection in an infant from an infected mother.
STI-BACTERIAL-SYPHILIS STAGES-primary
What are the stage 1 of syphilis
primary syphilis =local manifestation
-12 days -12wks after exposure
-average duration 3 wks
-granulomatous tissue reaction hard chancre(eroded, painless, firm and indurated[hard]ulcer)
-microorganisms drain with the lymphatic fluid
-firm, enlarged and nontender regional lymph nodes
STI-BACTERIAL-SYPHILIS STAGE-secondary
what is stage 2 of syphilis
secondary syphilis=systemic manifestations
-develops 6 wks after the development of the chancre.
-low grade fever , malaise, sore throat, hoarseness
, -anorexia, generalized adenopathy, headache, joint pain and skin or mucous membrane lesions
or rashes
-condylomata lata
STI-BACTERIAL-SYPHILIS STAGE- LATENT
What is the latent stage of syphilis
latent syphilis
-duration: as short as 1 year or as long as a lifetime
-divided into early and late
-medical evidence of the infection, asymptomatic pt.
STI-BACTERIAL-SYPHILIS-STAGE-TERTIARY
what is the tertiary stage of syphilis
tertiary syphilis
-appearing after the latent stage
-most severe stage
-formation of gummas (destructive skin bone and soft tissue lesions
-destructive systemic manifestations
-neurosyphilis
STI-BACTERIAL SYPHILIS-CONGENITAL
what is congenital syphilis
-vasculitis, necrosis, fibrosis, and distribution of treponema pallidum throughout the tissue.
-early and late stages
STI-BACTERIAL-SYPHILIS-TEST-TREATMENT
What are the test and treatment for syphilis
test
-Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) antigen
-Rapid plasma reagin (RPR)
treatment
parenteral injection of benzathine pen G
-----pen also used for infants
treatment of sexual partners
----condoms until effective tx confirmed
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