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2024 ATLS EXAM WITH ANSWERS
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2024 ATLS EXAM WITH ANSWERS
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2024 ATLS EXAM WITH ANSWERS
Carbon monoxide has ____ times the affinity for oxygen as hemoglobin. -
CORRECT-ANSWERS240
Patients with CO levels less than ___% usually don't have any physical
symptoms. - CORRECT-ANSWERS20%
Adult head BSA = ___%. - CORRECT-ANSWERS9 (ENTIRE head front and back
= 9)
Baby head BSA = __% - CORRECT-ANSWERS18 (9 front, 9 back)
What is the main difference between adult and baby BSA determination for
burns? - CORRECT-ANSWERSEntire head on baby is 18, whereas it's 9 for
adults. This difference of 9 is made up by the fact that each side (front/back)
on adult = 9, but only 7 for kids. (36 vs 28).
Chest BSA = ___%. - CORRECT-ANSWERS18
Back BSA = ___%. - CORRECT-ANSWERS18
Arm BSA = ___%. - CORRECT-ANSWERS9 TOTAL (front AND back).
Leg BSA for adult = ___%. - CORRECT-ANSWERS18 TOTAL (9 front, 9 back).
Baby front or back of leg BSA =___%. - CORRECT-ANSWERS7 (TOTAL leg =
14%)
If you add up BSA head, chest, back, arms, and legs you get 99% of BSA.
What is the remaining 1%? - CORRECT-ANSWERSPerineum
Partial/2nd degree burns extend into the _____ whereas full thickness/3rd
degree burns ______. - CORRECT-ANSWERSPartial - go into dermis, FULL go
all the way through dermis and into/beyond SQ tissue.
For patients with CO poisoning, the ½ life is ___ when breathing room air and
___ breathing 100% oxygen - CORRECT-ANSWERS4 hours on RA, 40 min on
100% O2
How do you calculate the Parkland formula? - CORRECT-ANSWERS4 * weight
(kg) * percent BSA burned = volume in 24 hours (1st half in 8 hrs, 2nd half
,over 16 hrs).4*70kg*25 percent = 7 liters in 24 hours. ***Use 25, NOT
0.25)***
Partial or full thickness burns of ___% in patients less than 10 or older than
50 warrants transfer to a burn center. - CORRECT-ANSWERS10%
What percent partial/full thickness burns would qualify a 25 year old for a
burn center transfer? - CORRECT-ANSWERS20%
What anatomical positions with partial/full thickness burns warrant burn
center transfer? - CORRECT-ANSWERSFace, eyes, ears, hands, genitalia,
perineum, feet, skin overlying joints.
Does an inhalation injury warrant transfer to a burn center? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSYES!!!!!
Should you treat frostbite by soaking body part in water or not? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSYES, 40 degree (104F) for 20-30 min should suffice. Don't warm if
there is risk of REFREEZING.
Insofar as hypothermia is concerned, patients are not pronounced dead until
they are _____ and dead. - CORRECT-ANSWERSwarm
What are you thinking if a child has broken ribs? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSMASSIVE force and highly likely organ damage (since their ribs are
very pliable, a huge amount of force is required to break them, there is often
underlying organ damage WITHOUT broken ribs).
How should you insert a Guedel in a kid? - CORRECT-ANSWERSUse tongue
blade depressor and insert gently without turning - otherwise there is great
risk for trauma and resultant hemorrhage. NOT the 180 degree spin trick.
The normal systolic BP in kids can be estimated by what? - CORRECT-
ANSWERS90 mm Hg + (age x 2)
How do you estimate a child's total circulating volume? - CORRECT-
ANSWERS80 mL/kg
When shock in a child is suspected, how much fluid do you give them? -
CORRECT-ANSWERS20 mL/kg warm crystalloid May need to repeat up to 3
times (60 mL/kg) then consider blood products.
Optimal UOP for infants is ___ mL/kg/hr. - CORRECT-ANSWERS2 (1.5 for
younger kids, and 1.0 for older kids).
, How much warmed crystalloid should be used for a DPL in kids? - CORRECT-
ANSWERS10 mL/kg (up to 1000 mL)
What would you see in an infant that would make you suspect very severe
brain injury despite normal LOC? - CORRECT-ANSWERSBulging fontanelles -
these allow tolerance for expanding masses/swelling...
What is a possible mistake about a blood pressure of 120/80 in a 87 year old
man? - CORRECT-ANSWERSAssuming that normal blood pressure =
normovolemia. Many geriatric patients have uncontrolled hypertension, and
if their normal systolic is 180, then 120/80 is relative HYPOtension for them.
How well do geriatric patients do with non-operative management of
abdominal injuries compared to younger people? - CORRECT-ANSWERSNot
as well - the risks of non-operative management are often worse than the
risks of surgery.
Why would geriatric patients be MORE susceptible to head bleeds when
there is increased space around a shrinking brain to protect them from
contusion? - CORRECT-ANSWERSAtrophic brains = stretching of the
parasagittal bridging veins, making them more prone to rupture upon
impact.
Plasma volume increases during pregnancy, what happens to hematocrit? -
CORRECT-ANSWERSDecreases - dilution by plasma (31-35% is normal in
pregnancy)
What would you think of a WBC of 15,000 in a pregnant woman? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSNormal, it can go up to 25,000 during labor!
What should you always assume about a pregnant patient's stomach? -
CORRECT-ANSWERSThat it is always full. (Gastric emptying time increases
during pregnancy). Early NG tube placement recommended.
A PaCO2 of 35 to 40 in a pregnant patient may indicate what? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSImpending respiratory failure. It is usually around 30 due to
hyperventilation due to increased levels of progesterone.
True or False: All Rh negative pregnant trauma patients should get Rhogam?
- CORRECT-ANSWERSTrue, unless the injury is remote from the uterus (distal
extremity injury only). This therapy should be initiated within 72 hours of
injury.
When worn correctly, seatbelts reduce fatalities by ___%. - CORRECT-
ANSWERS65-70%, with a 10-fold reduction in serious injury.
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