Portage Learning Final Exam Patho (120 questions and correct answers)
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Course
Patho
Institution
Patho
Portage Learning Final Exam Patho (120 questions and correct answers)/Portage Learning Final Exam Patho (120 questions and correct answers)/Portage Learning Final Exam Patho (120 questions and correct answers)
Portage Learning Final Exam Patho (120 questions and correct answers)
Metaplastic cells are not better prepared to survive under stressful
circumstances. - correct answer FALSE
Persistent metaplasia can lead to dysplasia. - correct answer TRUE
Barrett esophagus is an example of dysplasia - correct answer FALSE
Persistent dysplasia eventually results in cancer - correct answer TRUE
Hypertrophy can occur under normal and pathological conditions - correct
answer TRUE
A bodybuilder's muscles will display hyperplasia. - correct answer FALSE
Hypertrophy is an increase in the size of an organ or tissue caused by an increase
in the number of cells - correct answer FALSE
Endometrial hyperplasia is a normal physiologic occurrence - correct answer
FALSE
Nutritional deprivation can cause tissue to atrophy - correct answer TRUE
Lack of nerve stimulation can cause cells to atrophy - correct answer TRUE
Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia is a type of dysplasia - correct answer TRUE
During pregnancy, uterine enlargement is caused by hypoplasia. - correct answer
FALSE
Which are true of the mitochondria? Select all that apply. - correct answer It is
involved in cellular respiration.
They play a role in apoptosis.
Which are true of the cell membrane? Select all that apply. - correct answer -Aids
in the regulation of cell growth and proliferation
-Helps with the conduction of electrical currents in nerve and muscle cells
-Controls the transport of materials from the outside fluids to within
Which of the following are true of the cell? Select all that apply. - correct answer
-Proteins carry out the functions of the cell membrane
-Lysosomes are the digestive system of the cell
,Portage Learning Final Exam Patho (120 questions and correct answers)
-Microfilaments are thin, threadlike cytoplasmic structures
Which is true of the cytoskeleton? Select all that apply. - correct answer -It
controls shape and movement
-Cilia and flagella are microtubule-filled cellular extensions
Which are false of the mitochondria? Select all that apply. - correct answer -They
are found far from the site of energy consumption
-They control free radicals
Which of the following are false regarding cell communication? - correct answer
Paracrine signaling releases a chemical into the extracellular fluid that affects its
own activity
Compare and contrast the two types of gangrenous necrosis. - correct answer
dry gangrene- tissue becomes dry, shrinks, wrinkles and color changes dark brown
or black, result of cut off arterial blood supply
wet gangrene- cold, swollen and pulseless, skin is moist, black and under tension,
blebs form on surface, liquefaction occurs and foul odor caused by bacteria
Explain what necrosis is and give an example and description of one type of
necrosis. - correct answer Necrosis refers to cell death in an organ or tissues that
is still part of a living person. It often interferes with cell replacement and tissue
regeneration. Coagulative necrosis results most often from a sudden cutoff of
blood supply to an organ (ischemia), particularly the heart and kidney.
Liquefactive necrosis occurs when some of the cells die but their catalytic
enzymes are not destroyed. It is commonly seen with brain infarcts or abscesses.
Caseous necrosis occurs as part of granulomatous inflammation and is most often
associated with tuberculosis.Gangrenous necrosis most often affects the lower
extremities or bowel and is secondary to vascular occlusion. The term gangrene is
applied when a considerable mass of tissue undergoes necrosis. In dry gangrene
the affected tissue becomes dry and shrinks, the skin wrinkles, and its color
changes to dark brown or black. The spread of dry gangrene is slow. It results
from a cut off in arterial blood supply and is a form of coagulation necrosis. In wet
gangrene, the affected area is cold, swollen, and pulseless. The skin is moist,
, Portage Learning Final Exam Patho (120 questions and correct answers)
black, and under tension. Blebs form on the surface, liquefaction occurs, and a
foul odor is caused by bacterial action. The spread of tissue damage is rapid.
Cell proliferation is the process in which proliferating cells become more
specialized cell types. - correct answer FALSE
Cell differentiation is the process of increasing cell numbers by mitotic cell
division. - correct answer FALSE
Cell proliferation is the process of increasing cell numbers by mitotic cell division.
- correct answer TRUE
Cell differentiation is the process in which proliferating cells become more
specialized cell types. - correct answer TRUE
What are two important properties that stem cells possess? - correct answer
Potency & self-renewal
These are cells of the same lineage that have not yet differentiated to the extent
that they have lost their ability to divide. - correct answer Parent cells
What are normal genes called that become cancer-causing if mutated? - correct
answer Proto-oncogenes
What type of gene is involved in repairing damaged DNA? - correct answer
Tumor suppressor gene
These are cells of the same lineage that have not yet differentiated to the extent
that they have lost their ability to divide: - correct answer progenitor
1. ______ is a systemic treatment that enables drugs to reach the site of the
tumor as well as other distant sites.2. The profound weight loss and wasting of fat
and tissue that accompany cancer is known as _______. - correct answer 1.
chemotherapy
2. cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome
List three characteristics of cancer cells and briefly explain what it means: -
correct answer Anaplasia is the loss of cell differentiation in cancerous
tissue.Genetic instability means they have a high frequency of mutations.Growth
factor independence means cancer cells can proliferate even in the absence of
growth factors.Cell density-dependent inhibition means cancer cell don't stop
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