Chapter 2: Evolution of Clinical Psychology Practice Questions and Answers

Chapter 2: Evolution of Clinical Psychology Practice Questions and Answers How did people in the western hemisphere (1700's-1800's) view mental health? - Answer️️ -• People with mental illness are understood to be possessed by evil spirits. • People seen as deserving of their symptoms. • Seen in media as those with mental issues as scary Who was the early pioneer devoted to improving asylum conditions? - Answer️️ -William Tuke () - England - He provided basic humanlike ideas like food and exercise. - Also known for the York Retreat What was Philippe Pinel () known for? - Answer️️ -• Early pioneer who brought people with mental illness out of dungeons. • France• Pinel worked to dispel myths. • Treatise on Insanity(1806)...is it possible to treat people with mental illness? Who is Eli Todd ()? - Answer️️ -• Early pioneer of clinical psychology who carried out Pinel's message. • United States ©SOPHIABENNET@2024/2025 Tuesday, August 20, 2024 10:21 AM 2 • The Retreat... treated people with mental illness. Who is Dorothea Dix () ? - Answer️️ -• Early pioneer of clinical psychology who traveled to collect data. • +30 state institutions created thanks to Dix's efforts. She encouraged change in facilities. Who is Lightner Witmer and what did he do? - Answer️️ -• Lightner Witmer: founder of the first psychological clinic. • Around 1914 he had about 20 psychological clinics in the U.S. - He focused on working with children who had issues in school. What did psychologist not do in the late 1800's? - Answer️️ -- Psychologists did not practice as they focused on academics - Psychiatrists mainly treated mental health patients Whats did Lightner Witmer do during the 1900's? - Answer️️ -- 1907: The Psychological Clinic.-included Witmer's definition of clinical psychology- did NOT discuss psychotherapy or plan to measure the effectiveness of treatment. This combines medicine, education, and social work. - 1935: Witmer had more than 150 psychological clinics in the U.S. Racism and prejudice in the history of clinical psychology during the 1800's? - Answer️️ -• 1851: Samuel A. Cartwright proposes drapetomania, slaves who tried to escape their "owners" had this mental illness ©SOPHIABENNET@2024/2025 Tuesday, August 20, 2024 10:21 AM 3 • 1800s-early 1900s: psychology aligned with eugenics, which basically said which genetics should be reproduced. Those with lower IQs were to be sterilized. • G. Stanley Hall (first president of APA). He believed that minorities were immature races. • Lewis Terman recommended that black children should be segregated from whites in school due to their inability to think abstractly. Racism and prejudice in the history of clinical psychology during the 1900's? - Answer️️ -• 1930s: Carl Jung's view on African people as primitive and inferior. • 1930s: survey of psychologists • APA: culturally biased intelligence tests, which favored white individuals (military purpose) • 1960s: Arthur Jensen's view on IQ believed that black people have lower IQ. Racism and prejudice in the history of clinical psychology during the late 1990s to 2000's? - Answer️️ -• 1990s: Richard J. Hernste