Exam (elaborations)
NURS 231 PATHOPHYS FINAL EXAM
- Course
- Institution
NURS 231 PATHOPHYS FINAL EXAM
[Show more]
Content preview
Nursing Pathophysiology Final ExamReview QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Whileaviewingatheaelectrocardiogram,atheanursearecallsathea_____aconductsaaction
potentialsadownatheaatrioventricularaseptum.a-aans--BundleaofaHis
Whichaofatheafollowingapatientawouldabeamostaproneatoametabolicaacidosis?
aAapatientawith:a-aans--Diabetesawhoseaglucosesaareauncontrolled
Aa76-year-
oldapatientahadatheafollowingaarterialabloodagasasampleaafterahisastomachasurgeryain
whichahisagastricacontentaandafluidawerearemoved:apHa7.55,aPCO2a50,aHCO3a35.aWhataa
cidbase
imbalanceaisamostalikelyainathisapatient?a-aans--Metabolicaalkalosis,acompensating
Aa50-year-oldamaleavisitsatheacardiologistaforaanaEKG.aResultsaindicateathataheahasano
PRaintervalaandaaavariableaQRSarateawitharhythmairregularity.aWhichaofatheafollowingais
theamostalikelyadiagnosisatoabearecordedaonatheachart?a-aans--Atrialafibrillation
Aa65-year-oldamaleaisatransportedatoatheaERaforachestapain.aAnaelectrocardiogram
revealsaaaprolongedaQRSainterval.aWhataisatheanurseamonitoringawhenatheanurse
observesatheaQRSacomplexaonatheaelectrocardiogram?aTheaQRSacomplexareflects:a-
aans--Ventricularaactivity
Whichaisaoneaofatheaacid/
baseaconditionsathatawouldacauseatheanurseatoamonitoraforahyperkalemia?a-aans--
metabolicaacidosis
Aa20-year-oldamaleaisainaacuteapainawitharestlessnessaandaanxiety.aAnaarterialabloodagas
revealsadecreasedacarbonadioxidea(CO2)alevels.aWhichaofatheafollowingadoesatheanurse
suspectaisatheamostalikelyacause?a-aans--hyperventilation
Aa24-year-
oldafemaleapresentsawithaexcessiveamenstrualableeding.aTheaphysicianaidentified
endometrialachangesathataareadueatoahormonalaimbalances.aTheseacellularachangesawoul
dabe
referredatoaas:a-aans--Pathologicahyperplasia
,Aa34-year-
oldawasadiagnosedawithamalignantatumora(cancer).aTheanurseateachesatheapatient
aboutamalignantacells.aWhichaofatheafollowingaisamostaappropriateaexplanationawhenadesc
ribing
malignantacells?a-aans--Malignantacellsaareadysplasticacellsaandaareairreversible
Aacharacteristicaofaaamalignantatumoraincludesathatait:a-aans--
canaspreadafarafromatheatissueaofaorigin
Aa25-year-
oldamaleadevelopsacanceraofatheabreastaglandularatissue.aWhatatypeaofacanceradoesahe
have?a-aans--adenocarcinoma
Whenaplanningacareaforaaacardiacapatient,atheanurseaknowsathatainaresponseatoaanaincrea
sed
workload,acardiacamyocardialacellsawill:a-aans--Increaseainasize
Theatermaapoptosisaisaappropriatelyadefinedaas:a-aans--programmedacelladeath
Aareportacomesabackaindicatingathatamuscularaatrophyahasaoccurred.aAanursearecallsathat
muscularaatrophyainvolvesaaadecreaseainamuscleacella-aans--size
Aanursingastudentaisastudyingaaboutacanceraandatheaassociatedarisksaforacancer.aTheainst
ructor
knowsatheastudentaunderstandsacancerawhenawhichaofatheafollowingaareaassociatedarisksa
for
cancer?a-aans---Epstein-Barravirusa(EBV)
-hepatitisaCavirusa(HCV)
-hepatitisaBavirusa(HBV)
-humanapapillomavirusa(HPV)
Aaprimaryacareaprovideraisaattemptingatoadiagnoseacanceraandaisalookingaforaaatumoramar
ker.
Whichaofatheafollowingacouldabeaaapossibleamarker?a-aans--Enzymes
Aa30-year-
oldahomelessawasaseenainatheaemergencyaroomawithaproductiveacoughaofabloodtinged
sputum.aHisachestax-rayashowedagranulomatousadisease.aUponafurtheraquestioning,ahe
wasafoundatoahaveahadatuberculosisa(TB)ainadistantapast.aTBainfectionsaarealikelyatoaresult
ain
whichaofatheafollowingaformsaofanecrosis?a-aans--caseous
Whenadiscussingabodyafluid,aitaisacorrectatoastateathat:a-aans--Two-
thirdsaofatheabody'sawateraisaintracellular.a
, Rationale:aOne-
thirdaisaextracellular.aThereaareatwoacomponentsaofatheaextracellularacompartment:ainterst
itialaandaintravascular.aTotalabodyawateraisaabouta60%aofabodyaweight.
WhichaofatheafollowingastatementsaisaTRUE?
aWhenadiscussingabodyafluidamovement,aitaisacorrectatoastateathat:
A)aPotassiumaisatheamostaabundantaextracellularafluida(ECF)aion.
B)aSodiumamaintainsatheaosmoticabalanceaofatheaintracellularafluida(ICF)aspace.a
C)aWateramovesafreelyaacrossamembranes.a
D)aAquaporinsablockawateramovementaacrossatheamembrane.a-aans--
C)aWateramovesafreelyaacrossatheacapillaryaoracellamembrane.a
Rationale:aAquaporinsaareaaafamilyaofawaterachannelaproteinsathataprovideapermeabilityat
oawateraatatheacapillaryamembrane.aSodiumaisatheamajoraECFacation,aandapotassiumaisath
eamajoraICFacation;athisaisadueatoatheasodium-potassiumapump.
Whenadiscussingaaldosterone,aitaisacorrectatoastateathat:a-aans--
Itaisaaahormoneathataisasecretedawhenasodiumalevelsaareadepressed.
Rationale:aAldosteroneaisaaaminerocorticoidasecretedafromatheaadrenalaglandathataisalocat
edaonatheakidney.aAldosteroneaisasecretedawhenapotassiumaisaincreasedaorasodiumaisade
creased.aTherefore,aitamakesasenseathataaldosteroneaincreasesasodiumareabsorptionatoai
ncreaseaaadepletedasupply.aItaalsoaincreasesapotassiumasecretion.
Whenadiscussingahyperchloremiaa(elevatedaserumachlorine),aitaisacorrectatoastateathatait:a-
aans--Isaaaresultaofaanaunderlyingadisorder.
Rationale:aHyperchloremiaaisausuallyarelatedatoaanaunderlyingadisorder,aandatherefore,atr
eatmentaisacenteredaonatheaunderlyingadisorder.aItausuallyaoccursawithaanaincreaseainasod
iumaandaaadeficitaofabicarbonate.aThereaareanormallyanoaspecificasymptomsaassociatedawi
thathisasyndrome.
Whenadiscussingahyponatremiaa(lowaserumasodium),aitaisacorrectatoastateathataitaisagenera
lly:a-aans--Anaoutcomeaofaseriousaburns,avomiting,aoradiarrhea.a
Rationale:aHyponatremiaaoccursawhenatheaserumasodiumadropsabelowa135amEq/
L.aItacanaoccuradueatoaburns,avomiting,adiarrhea,aoragastrointestinalasuctioning.aItacanaalso
aoccurawithaanaincreaseainaTBW.aInadequateasodiumaintakeacanacauseahyponatremia,abut
aitaisauncommon.
WhichaofatheafollowingaisaaaTRUEastatementaregardingahyperkalemiaa(elevatedaserumapo
tassium)?a-aans--Itaoftenaoccursainaacidosis.
Rationale:aHyperkalemiaa(highapotassium)aoftenaoccursawithaacidosis.aDuringaacidosis,ah
ydrogenaisatakenaupainatheacell.aWhenathisaoccurs,aitaisaexchangedaforapotassiumaandaser
umapotassiumarises.aDietaryaexcessesaareauncommon.aAnaincreaseainaaldosteroneawoul
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller AGRADEPROMASTER. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $12.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
80364 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now