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Question And Solution Paper NUR426: Exam 2 2024/2025 $14.99   Add to cart

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Question And Solution Paper NUR426: Exam 2 2024/2025

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Functions: Renal System Answer: -Filters plasma -Regulates blood volume and blood pressure: conserving and excretion of water -Secretes renin: Triggers RAAS system to increase blood pressure: vasoconstriction and retention of Na+ and water with release of aldosterone, triggers ADH -Secre...

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  • August 27, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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Question And Solution Paper NUR426: Exam
2 2024/2025

Functions: Renal System Answer: -Filters plasma

-Regulates blood volume and blood pressure: conserving and excretion of water

-Secretes renin: Triggers RAAS system to increase blood pressure: vasoconstriction and retention of Na+
and water with release of aldosterone, triggers ADH

-Secretes erythropoietin: stimulates RBC production

-Acid-base balance regulation: Reabsorption of HCO3- and secretion of H+ ions

-Synthesis of calcitriol (activated form of VD): conserves dietary calcium and reduces calcitonin levels



Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) Answer: Hypoperfusion triggers the release of renin
from the kidneys-->angiotensin II-->aldosterone secretion:

-vasoconstriction

-Na+ and water retention

-ADH



HELPS TO RAISE BP



Onset: Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) Answer: Sudden



Most Common Cause: AKI Answer: Acute Tubular Necrosis



Diagnostic Criteria: AKI Answer: -acute decrease in urine output

-elevated serum creatinine

,Most Common Cause of Death: AKI Answer: Infection



Pre-Renal Causes: AKI Answer: LOW CO:

-heart failure

-cardiogenic shock

-dysrhythmias

-MI

-decreased PVR: Neurological injury, septic shock, anaphylaxis



REDUCED RENOVASCULAR BLOOD FLOW

-embolism

-bilateral renal vein thrombosis

-renal artery thrombosis

-hepatic renal syndrome



HYPOVOLEMIA:

-burns

-dehydration

-hemorrhage

-GI losses: nausea and vomiting

-hypoalbuminemia

-excessive diuresis



Pre-Renal AKI: Low CO Answer: -cardiogenic shock

-CHF

,-MI

-Dysrhythmias

-decreased PVR: septic shock, anaphylaxis



Pre-Renal AKI: Reduced Renovascular BF Answer: -bilateral renal vein thrombosis

-renal artery thrombosis

-embolism

-hepatic renal syndrome



Pre-Renal AKI: Hypovolemia Answer: -dehydration

-burns

-hemorrhage

-hypoalbuminemia

-excessive diuresis

-GI losses: N/A



Intra-Renal Causes: AKI Answer: INTERSTITIAL NEPHRITIS

-Allergies:

--Sulfonamides

--Rifampin

--NSAIDs

--ACE inhibitors

--ABX

-Infections:

--acute bacterial: pyelonephritis

, --viral: epstein barr virus

--fungal: candidiasis



NEPHROTOXIC INJURY

-Chemical exposure:

--carbon tetrachloride

--lead

--arsenic

--ethylene glycol

-contrast media

-Drugs:

--aminoglycosides (Gentamicin, Amikacin)

--amphotericin B

-hemolytic blood transfusion reaction

-severe crush injuries



Intra-Renal causes of AKI: Interstitial Nephritis Answer: ALLERGIES:

-sulfonamides

-rifampin

-NSAIDs

-ACE inhibitors

-antibiotics



INFECTIONS:

-bacterial- pyelonephritis

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