UAMS Chem Intern Exam 1 Questions & Answers 2024/2025
accuracy - ANSWERSagreement of results with the true value
precision - ANSWERSreproductibility
mean - ANSWERSthe average value in a set
mode - ANSWERSmost common value in a set
2SD - ANSWERS95% confidence limits
CV - ANSWERSS...
accuracy - ANSWERSagreement of results with the true value
precision - ANSWERSreproductibility
mean - ANSWERSthe average value in a set
mode - ANSWERSmost common value in a set
2SD - ANSWERS95% confidence limits
CV - ANSWERSSDx100/mean
standard - ANSWERSsubstance whose exact concentrations are known
control - ANSWERSsubstance having a known "range" of values
What is a delta check and the reason for doing one? - ANSWERScomparison of a patients results with
their previous test results; help detect sample labeling errors, testing errors, and erroneous patient
results
What is a systematic error?
Give two examples. - ANSWERSerrors in the system that affect all samples in the run; incorrect
calibration, bad reagents, malfunctioning dilutors or pipettes
What is a random error?
, How often can random errors occur?
Give two examples. - ANSWERSmistakes that occur without prediction or regularity but do not affect all
samples on a run; occur as frequently as 1:20 results; temp fluctuations, mislabeled specimen, clerical
errors, carelessness
What is a "trend"?
Give two common causes. - ANSWERSgradual upward or downward movement of control values in 6 or
more consecutive runs; deterioration of reagents, standards, or instrument performance
What is a "shift"?
Give two common causes. - ANSWERSwhen control results fall on either side of the mean on 6 or more
consecutive control runs; intro of something new to the procedures such as a new lot of reagents or a
sudden malfunction of the instrument
What is the purpose of the Westgard Rules? - ANSWERSa combination of decision criteria, or control
rules, to decide whether an analytical run is in-control or out-of-control
What does each of the Westgard Rules mean and can patient results be reported?
1. 1-2S
2. 1-3S
3. 2-2S - ANSWERS1. one control is >2SD; warning rule. accept the run
2. one control is >3SD; due to random or systematic error. reject the run
3. 2 or more controls are >2SD on the same day of testing or one control is >2SD on two consecutive
runs. suggests systematic error. reject the run
What does MSDS stand for and why is it important to have one? - ANSWERSMaterial Safety Data Sheet;
includes emergency contact info, precautions and treatment following esposure
routine chem tests MOST affected by hemolysis - ANSWERSK, Iron, LD, CK, ALP, AST, PO4
routine chem tests most affected by contamination with IV solution - ANSWERSK, glucose, Na, Cl
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