ARDMS ABDOMEN Exam Questions with
Complete Verified Solutions/Answers
Symptoms of a ____ ____ ____ are uncontrollable hypertension, sudden onset of HTN -
✔renal artery stenosis
______ is the most common cause of renal disease leading to a kidney transplant. - ✔diabetes
During renal transplants, the ___ kidney is usually taken due to a longer renal vein - ✔left
sonographic findings of acute renal transplant rejection include: - ✔Renal
enlargement (length)
hypoechoic
increasing RI
decreased kidney echogenicity
the ____ ___ is used to evaluate arterial flow resistance of the renal vascular bed.
0.7=normal
0.7-0.8= questionable dysfunction
,0.8= transplant dysfunction - ✔RI
Urea, produced by the liver is a waste product of protein metabolism. varies with urine flow
rates and production of urea. - ✔BUN
the testicle is surrounded by a fibrous capsule, the ___ ______. - ✔Tunica albuginea
mutiple septations arise from the tunica albuginea to form the ____ ____, Sonogrpahically seen
as a echogenic band - ✔mediastinum testis
the septula forms wedge- shaped compartments that contain the _________. which converges
to form the tubuli recti - ✔seminiferous tubules
the tubuli recti or tubuli seminiferi recti connect the seminiferous tubule to the ___ _____ -
✔rete testi
the ____ ___ is a network of tubules located at the hilum of the testicle that carries sperm to
the epididymis. - ✔rete testis
the ____ ____ carry the seminal fluid form the rete testis to the epididymis - ✔efferent
ductules
the ______ is composed of a head, body and tail. its parallel to the testicle. - ✔epi
the epi ___ is the largest part, located adjacent to the superior pole of the testis - ✔head
the ___ ____, a remnant of the mullerian duct is a small ovoid structure located beneath the
head of the epi. torsion can occur in boys 7-12 resulting in the "blue dot sign" - ✔appendix
epididymis
,the ______ is a layer of muscle fibers, lying beneath the scrotal skin and dividing the scrotum
into two chambers. - ✔dartos
the division of the 2 scrotal chambers is called the scrotal ____ - ✔raphe
___ _____, is a saccular extension of the peritoneum into the scrotal chambers. - ✔tunica
vaginalis
The inner or visceral layer of the tunica vaginalis covers the - ✔testis and epi
the outer or parietal layer of the tunica vaginalis lines the ____ _____ - ✔scrotal chamber.
testicular blood flow is supplied by the _____ , ______, and ______ artery. - ✔deferential,
cremasteric, testicular
testicular artery divides into the _____ and _____ branches. - ✔capsular and centripetal
_____ _____ consits of Vas deferens, blood supply, nerves, Lymphatics, pampiniform plexus of
veins - ✔spermatic cord
_____ ____ tumors are the most common testicular cancers, classified as either seminoma or
non seminomas - ✔germ cell
_______ is the most common germ cell type found in both pure seminoma and mixed germ cell
testicular masses. good prognoisis - ✔seminomas
seminomas initally spread to draining ___ ____ in the retroperitoneum. - ✔lymph nodes
, non seminomas are masses that are not pure seminomas and consist of other cell types such as
..... - ✔teratomas, yolk sac tumors, choriocarcinomas, embryonal carcinomas.
when a mixture of these tumors exists, called a mixed tumor
a tumor with both seminomatous and nonseminomatous exist it is called.... -
✔nonseminomatous germ cell tumor
____ ____ tumors are commonly seen in infants and young children. - ✔yolk sac
rare stromal testicular tumor occuring in youngboys and men. always benign in children, tumor
produces testosterone resulting in precocious puberty - ✔leydig cell tumors
two types of benign cysts of the scrotum.... - ✔tunica albuginea and intratesticular
_____ cyst is a benign tumor of germ cell orgin. Well circumscribed solid tumor lying beneath
the tunica albuginea. can have an echogenic capsule formed by multiple layers of keratin.
- ✔epidermoid
Testicular abscesses are usually a complication of - ✔epididymo- orchitis,
_____ testicular infarcts typically present as a triangular shaped avascular intratesticular lesion.
Appearance depends on age of the infarct, testical decreases in size and develops areas
of fibrosis or calcs - ✔segmental
_____ is fluid that accumulates within the tunica vaginalis or between the layers of the tunica
vaginalis. ( visceral and parietal) - ✔hydrocele
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