Cell Bio PCB 3023 - Exam 1 Practice
Questions and Answers
What is a simple genome and which type of cell has one? -
Answer️️ -Codes for fewer proteins then a complex genome,
prokaryotes
Plant cell walls were.... - Answer️️ -Reacquired after eukaryotes
lost cell walls when they diverge...
Molecular Cell Biology PCB 3023 BROWARD COLLEGE/ UNIVERSITY of
SOUTH FLORIDA/ UCF COLLEGE Of Sciences
Cell Bio PCB 3023 - Exam 1 Practice
Questions and Answers
What is a simple genome and which type of cell has one? -
Answer✔️✔️-Codes for fewer proteins then a complex genome,
prokaryotes
Plant cell walls were.... - Answer✔️✔️-Reacquired after eukaryotes
lost cell walls when they diverged from prokaryotes
Genes - Answer✔️✔️-Regions of DNA transcribed into any type of
RNA
Is RNA or DNA evolutionarily older and how does this affect the
bases? - Answer✔️✔️-RNA, uracil used first until evolution selected
variation of DNA molecule containing thymine
What are the types of proteins that define an organism? -
Answer✔️✔️-Enzymes, machines and switches, structural
What are RNPs? Examples - Answer✔️✔️-Ribonucleoproteins,
ribosomes in all cells and telomerase + spliceosome in eukaryotes
Regulation of gene expression in prokaryotes vs eukaryotes -
Answer✔️✔️-More control in eukaryotes allows for cells to
Molecular Cell Biology PCB 3023 BROWARD COLLEGE/ UNIVERSITY of
SOUTH FLORIDA/ UCF COLLEGE Of Sciences
differentiate by expressing different regions of the DNA in different
cells
Homeostatic disequilibrium - Answer✔️✔️-Constant state of cell that
requires a lot of energy to maintain
How to organisms get carbon and nitrogen? - Answer✔️✔️-CO2 fixed
by phototrophs using sunlight and stored in carbohydrate molecule,
N2 converted to ammonia by bacteria
Why are carbohydrates important? - Answer✔️✔️-Energy from
sunlight used to break CO2 ends up in covalent bond of
carbohydrate. The molecule serves as a high energy source of
carbon that releases energy when carbon is removed
Why are organisms so complex now? - Answer✔️✔️-evolution
stumbled upon things that made doing basic things easier - extra
proteins etc
Mycoplasma genitalium - Answer✔️✔️-477 proteins needed for life
Homologs - Answer✔️✔️-two or more genes descended from the same
common ancestral gene, gene families, can describe genes or
proteins
Orthologs - Answer✔️✔️-Genes in two separate species that derive
from the same ancestral gene in the last common ancestor of those
two species
Molecular Cell Biology PCB 3023 BROWARD COLLEGE/ UNIVERSITY of
SOUTH FLORIDA/ UCF COLLEGE Of Sciences
Paralogs - Answer✔️✔️-Related genes that have resulted from a gene
duplication event within a single genome
Gene Family creation - Answer✔️✔️-Duplication, intragenic mutation,
segment shuffling, horizontal transfer
Intragenic Mutation - Answer✔️✔️-errors during replication may
result in slightly new sequences
Segment shuffling - Answer✔️✔️-accidental breaks in two or more
gene regions are mis-repaired such that a new, hybrid gene
sequence results
Horizontal transfer examples - Answer✔️✔️-Viruses, acquisition of
environmental DNA, sexual reproduction, vertical transfers
How did accidental acquisition of nuclear envelope cause the rest of
the characteristics of a eukaryotic cell? - Answer✔️✔️-In prokaryotes
a larger genome would interfere with cell processes. the nucleus
allowed DNA to increase in size - made more proteins - cell got
bigger - genome could get even bigger. Packaging methods were
needed bc of large genome - chromosome structure
Why did cytoskeleton develop? - Answer✔️✔️-Large cell needed
support (internal membranes defining organelles). Without cell wall
could engage in phagocytosis. Plants reaquired cell wall as they
transitioned to land growth
3
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