Portage NUR 251 - Pharmacology - Test 1 Latest 2024 Update WITH ALL Questions and Answers
Course
Nurs 251
Institution
Nurs 251
Portage NUR 251 - Pharmacology - Test 1 Latest 2024 Update WITH ALL Questions and Answers
Pharmacology - ANS Study of chemicals that alter the function of living organisms.
Drugs can be used to: - ANS 1. Prevent disease
2. Diagnose Disease
3. Cure disease
4. Treat symptoms of disease
...
Portage NUR 251 - Pharmacology - Test 1
Latest 2024 Update
Pharmacology - ANS Study of chemicals that alter the function of living organisms.
Drugs can be used to: - ANS 1. Prevent disease
2. Diagnose Disease
3. Cure disease
A
4. Treat symptoms of disease
VI
Drugs have many different effects on the body including - ANS (1) Therapeutic effects
(2) Side effects
(3) Adverse effects
TU
(4) Toxic effects
Therapeutic effect - ANS desired drug effect to alleviate some condition of symptom
IS
Side effects - ANS any effect other than the therapeutic effect that are usually
undesirable but not harmful
OM
Adverse effect - ANS general term for undesirable and potentially harmful drug effect
Toxic effects - ANS undesirable drug effect that implies drug poisoning; can be very
harmful or life-threatening
NA
Mechanism of action - ANS How a drug produces its effects
targeted sit of action - ANS the location within the body where a drug exerts its
therapeutic effect, often a specific drug receptor
JP
Receptors - ANS specific cellular structures that a drug binds to in order to produce a
physiologic effect
Agonist receptor - ANS works to activate a physiologic response or drug effect
Antagonist receptor - ANS works to interfere with other drugs or substances from
producing a drug-effect
,Dose-dependent relationship - ANS basic principle of pharmacology which states that
the response to any drug depends on the amount of drug given
Onset of action - ANS the time from the drug administration to the first observable
effect
Duration of action - ANS the length of time that the drug continues to produce its
effect
Drug Names include - ANS 1. Chemical Name
A
2. Describe the chemical composition and molecular structure
3. Generic name - nonproprietary name
VI
4. Trade name - Owned by the producing company.
Classification of drugs based on similarities of properties - ANS 1. Structure - e.g. beta
TU
blockers
2. Use - e.g. antibiotics
Aqueous Preparations - ANS syrups - a solution of water and sugar to which a drug is
IS
added
Tablets - ANS drug powders that have been compressed into convenient form for
OM
swallowing. disintegrates in stomach more rapidly than most other solid preparations
Troches and lozenges - ANS flattened tablets that are allowed to dissolve in the
mouth
NA
Capsules - ANS Gelatin shells filled with powdered or liquid medication
Delayed-release Products - ANS Tablets or capsules that are treated with a special
coating designed so that the drug produces its effect over an extended time
JP
Enteric Coated Products - ANS Tablets that are coated with an acid-resistant
substance to prevent dissolution in the stomach
Suppositories - ANS Drugs mixed with a substance that will melt at body temperature
when inserted into the rectum, urethra, or vag
Ointments - ANS soft oily substances containing a drug that is applied to the skin
,Transdermal patch - ANS the drug is released from a bandage or patch and then is
absorbed through the skin into the blood stream providing continuous source of drug
over 24 hours
Routes of Administration - ANS The ways used to get a drug into the tissues of the
body, where they can produce their effects. The two main routes are oral and
parenteral.
Oral administration - ANS route of drug administration by way of the mouth through
swallowing
A
Parenteral administration - ANS route of drug administration that does not involve the
VI
gastrointestinal (GI) tract
Routes of Drug Administration - ANS
TU
Phases of drug activity - ANS (1) Pharmaceutical Phase - administration of dosage
form, dissolution of drug into body
(2) Pharmacokinetic Phase - absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
IS
(3) Pharmacodynamic Phase - drug receptor interaction
Pharmaceutics - ANS Study of how various dosage forms influence how the drug
OM
effects the body.
Dissolution - ANS When taken, how does it appear in the digestive tract.
Pharmakinetics - ANS Study of what the body does to the drug.
NA
1. What happens to the drug when it is taken.
2. Depends on how long drug is in the system.
Absorption - ANS the movement of a drug from its site of administration into the blood
Bioavailability - ANS A measure of the extent of drug absorption for a given drug and
route (from 0% to 100%).
Distribution - ANS transport of a drug by the bloodstream to its site of action
, Metabolism - ANS the biochemical alteration of a drug into an inactive metabolite, a
more potent metabolite, or a less active metabolite
Substrates - ANS a site where the enzyme acts
Enzyme inducer - ANS stimulates more drug metabolism
Excretion - ANS the elmination of drugs from the body
Biliary excretion - ANS when some drugs are excreted through the intestines
A
Half-life of a drug - ANS time it takes 50% of a given drug to be removed from the
VI
body
Steady state - ANS the physiologic state in which the amount of drug removed via
TU
elimination is equal to the amount absorbed with each dose
Pharmadynamics - ANS Study of what the drug does to the body.
IS
(drug receptor interaction - (1) receptiors, (2) enzymes, (3) nonselective)
A receptor is - ANS a reactive site on the surface or inside a cell
OM
Drug Receptor Interactions - ANS (1) Agonist - Drug binds to the receptor and there is
a response
(2) Partial agonist - Drug binds to the receptor but the response is diminished
NA
(3) Antagonist - Drug binds to receptor and there is no response; prevent the binding of
other agonists
(4) Competitive anatagonist - Drug competes with the agonist, if it binds there is no
JP
response
(5) Noncompetitive antagonist - Drug combines with different parts of the receptor and
inactivates it; Agonist then has no effect.
Enzymes are - ANS substances that catalyze or start biochemical reactions within
cells
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