Becker's World of the Cell Chapters 1-4
3' end of rna - ANSWER-downstream
5' end of rna - ANSWER-upstream
All of the following are model organisms, except - ANSWER-Homo sapiens.
Based on the following amino acid sequence, which region(s) is/are hydrophobic?
1[K-K-N-Q]
2[A-G-G-V]
3[Y-C-S-R]
4[H-E-C-Y] - ANSWER-region 2: Alanin, Glycin, Valin: group A
biochemistry - ANSWER-focuses on cellular structure and function
bioinformatics - ANSWER-Bioinformatics merges computer science with biology to organize and
interpret enormous amounts of sequencing and other data
carbohydrate functions - ANSWER-provide cells with short term energy
carbohydrates - ANSWER-monosaccharides
Carbon can form ________ covalent bonds - ANSWER-single, double, and triple
cell theory - ANSWER-applies to all organisms,
schwann postulated cell theory in 1839,
- all organisms consist of 1 or more cells.
- cell is the basic unit of structure for all organisms
- all cells arise only from preexisting cells
Cellulose belongs to which of the following groups of macromolecules? - ANSWER-carbohydrates
Compound Microscope - ANSWER-1. These had two lenses 2. Both magnification and resolution
were improved 3. Structures only 1 micrometer (um) in size could be seen clearly
cytology - ANSWER-focuses mainly on cellular structure and emphasizes optical techniques
Define "phase contrast" microscope - ANSWER-detects density differences & thereby sees organelles
in living cells
Describe the relationship between functional groups and macromolecules. - ANSWER-The functional
groups determine the shapes of macromolecules and this in turn determines their functions.
Functional groups also affect the polarity of the bonds.
Disulfide bonds are often found to stabilize which of the following levels of protein structure? -
ANSWER-tertiary
Electron Microscope - ANSWER-1. The limit of resolution of electron microscopes is about 100 times
better than light microscopes 2. The magnification is much higher than light microscopes—up to
100,000×3. ability to distinguish individual macro molecules is higher
, Becker's World of the Cell Chapters 1-4
examples of carbohydrates - ANSWER-glucose, sucrose, chitin, cellulose
examples of disaccharides - ANSWER-lactose, maltose, sucrose
examples of lipids - ANSWER-fats, phospholipids, wax, oil, steroids
examples of monosaccharides (simple sugar unit) - ANSWER-glucose, galactose, fructose
examples of protein - ANSWER-keratin, hormones, antibodies
Explain the functions of DNA and RNA. - ANSWER-The main function of RNA is to carry information of
amino acid sequence from the genes to where proteins are assembled on ribosomes in the
cytoplasm
DNA function is to contain the genetic instructions for the development and function of living things.
the main role of DNA in the cell is the long-term storage of information.
Fibrous proteins have extensive ________ structure, which allows them to be highly ordered and
repetitive. - ANSWER-secondarya
four major classes of biological macromolecules - ANSWER-carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and
nucleic acids
genetics - ANSWER-focuses on information flow and heredity and includes sequencing of the entire
genome (all of the DNA) in numerous organisms
genomics - ANSWER-the study of all the genes of an organism
how many combos of nucleotide triplets to encode the 10 amino acids - ANSWER-64
Hydrogen bonding is most important in stabilizing the ________ structure of many proteins. -
ANSWER-secondary
Identify the different parts of the endomembrane system. - ANSWER-the nuclear envelope,
lysosomes, vesicles, the ER, and Golgi apparatus, as well as the plasma membrane.
Identify the terms endocytosis and exocytosis and distinguish between them. - ANSWER-Endocytosis
is when a pocket of large molecules pinches into the cell to become a vesicle. Exocytosis is when one
of these vesicles rejoins the cell membrane and releases the large molecules back outside the cell.
Light Microscope - ANSWER-1. It allowed identification of nuclei, mitochondria, and chloroplasts
within cells
2. Light microscopy is also called brightfield microscopy because white light is passed directly
through a specimen
lipid function - ANSWER-provide cells with long term energy
lipid monomers - ANSWER-fatty acids and glycerol
Lipid rafts are - ANSWER-regions of the membrane that are high in sphingolipids, which facilitate
communication with the external environment of the cell.
3' end of rna - ANSWER-downstream
5' end of rna - ANSWER-upstream
All of the following are model organisms, except - ANSWER-Homo sapiens.
Based on the following amino acid sequence, which region(s) is/are hydrophobic?
1[K-K-N-Q]
2[A-G-G-V]
3[Y-C-S-R]
4[H-E-C-Y] - ANSWER-region 2: Alanin, Glycin, Valin: group A
biochemistry - ANSWER-focuses on cellular structure and function
bioinformatics - ANSWER-Bioinformatics merges computer science with biology to organize and
interpret enormous amounts of sequencing and other data
carbohydrate functions - ANSWER-provide cells with short term energy
carbohydrates - ANSWER-monosaccharides
Carbon can form ________ covalent bonds - ANSWER-single, double, and triple
cell theory - ANSWER-applies to all organisms,
schwann postulated cell theory in 1839,
- all organisms consist of 1 or more cells.
- cell is the basic unit of structure for all organisms
- all cells arise only from preexisting cells
Cellulose belongs to which of the following groups of macromolecules? - ANSWER-carbohydrates
Compound Microscope - ANSWER-1. These had two lenses 2. Both magnification and resolution
were improved 3. Structures only 1 micrometer (um) in size could be seen clearly
cytology - ANSWER-focuses mainly on cellular structure and emphasizes optical techniques
Define "phase contrast" microscope - ANSWER-detects density differences & thereby sees organelles
in living cells
Describe the relationship between functional groups and macromolecules. - ANSWER-The functional
groups determine the shapes of macromolecules and this in turn determines their functions.
Functional groups also affect the polarity of the bonds.
Disulfide bonds are often found to stabilize which of the following levels of protein structure? -
ANSWER-tertiary
Electron Microscope - ANSWER-1. The limit of resolution of electron microscopes is about 100 times
better than light microscopes 2. The magnification is much higher than light microscopes—up to
100,000×3. ability to distinguish individual macro molecules is higher
, Becker's World of the Cell Chapters 1-4
examples of carbohydrates - ANSWER-glucose, sucrose, chitin, cellulose
examples of disaccharides - ANSWER-lactose, maltose, sucrose
examples of lipids - ANSWER-fats, phospholipids, wax, oil, steroids
examples of monosaccharides (simple sugar unit) - ANSWER-glucose, galactose, fructose
examples of protein - ANSWER-keratin, hormones, antibodies
Explain the functions of DNA and RNA. - ANSWER-The main function of RNA is to carry information of
amino acid sequence from the genes to where proteins are assembled on ribosomes in the
cytoplasm
DNA function is to contain the genetic instructions for the development and function of living things.
the main role of DNA in the cell is the long-term storage of information.
Fibrous proteins have extensive ________ structure, which allows them to be highly ordered and
repetitive. - ANSWER-secondarya
four major classes of biological macromolecules - ANSWER-carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and
nucleic acids
genetics - ANSWER-focuses on information flow and heredity and includes sequencing of the entire
genome (all of the DNA) in numerous organisms
genomics - ANSWER-the study of all the genes of an organism
how many combos of nucleotide triplets to encode the 10 amino acids - ANSWER-64
Hydrogen bonding is most important in stabilizing the ________ structure of many proteins. -
ANSWER-secondary
Identify the different parts of the endomembrane system. - ANSWER-the nuclear envelope,
lysosomes, vesicles, the ER, and Golgi apparatus, as well as the plasma membrane.
Identify the terms endocytosis and exocytosis and distinguish between them. - ANSWER-Endocytosis
is when a pocket of large molecules pinches into the cell to become a vesicle. Exocytosis is when one
of these vesicles rejoins the cell membrane and releases the large molecules back outside the cell.
Light Microscope - ANSWER-1. It allowed identification of nuclei, mitochondria, and chloroplasts
within cells
2. Light microscopy is also called brightfield microscopy because white light is passed directly
through a specimen
lipid function - ANSWER-provide cells with long term energy
lipid monomers - ANSWER-fatty acids and glycerol
Lipid rafts are - ANSWER-regions of the membrane that are high in sphingolipids, which facilitate
communication with the external environment of the cell.
