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Beckers World of the Cell Chapter 2
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Beckers World of the Cell Chapter 2Beckers World of the Cell Chapter 2Beckers World of the Cell Chapter 2Beckers World of the Cell Chapter 2Beckers World of the Cell Chapter 2Beckers World of the Cell Chapter 2Beckers World of the Cell Chapter 2Beckers World of the Cell Chapter 2Beckers World of th...

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  • August 28, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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Beckers World of the Cell Chapter 2
4 classes of macromolecules - ANSWER--Carbohydrates - monosaccharides, disaccharides,
polysaccharides

-Lipids - triglycerides (fats and oils), phospholipids, steroids

-Proteins

-Nucleic acids - DNA, RNA

5 levels of hierarchy - ANSWER-...

activated monomers - ANSWER-a monomer whose free energy has been increased by being linked to
a carrier molecule usually by carrier molecule being coupled to it with energy provided from ATP.
required to form polymers

amphipathic molecules - ANSWER-Amphipathic molecules have both hydrophobic regions and
hydrophilic regions <phospholipids>.

asymmetric carbon - ANSWER-a carbon atom that is attached to four different atoms or groups of
atoms. two stereoisomers are possible for each asymmetric carbon atom

Biologically important Macromolecules - ANSWER-

Bond Energy - ANSWER-the energy required to break the bond between two covalently bonded
atoms; this value is usually expressed in kJ per mol of substance.

Calories - ANSWER-Joules are a common metric unit of energy. (1 calorie = 4.2 Joules), units by which
heat is measured or the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1oC

Cellulose - ANSWER-polysaccharide consisting of glucose monomers that reinforces plant-cell walls

chitlin - ANSWER-what resembles a glucose polymer but a group that contains nitrogen replaces one
-OH group in each subunit, monosaccharide. Found in insect exoskeletons, fungal cell walls and
crustacean shells

Common functional groups in biological molecules - ANSWER-

Condensation Reaction - ANSWER-A reaction in which two molecules become covalently bonded to
each other through the loss of a small molecule, usually water; also called dehydration reaction.

Condensation reactions - ANSWER-dehydration synthesis. covalently bonds 2 monomers (ntds of the
same strand -> phosphodiester). creates a molecule of water (1 monomer gives H+, one gives OH-).
requires: substrates (monomers) & energy: 2 nucleoside triphosphates(ATP, GTP, CTP, TTP). enzyme
to covalently bond monomers, DNA polymerase.

Covalent Bond - ANSWER-a chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in
a molecule

Daltons law - ANSWER-the total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the
partial pressures exerted by each individual gas, Ptotal = P1 + P2 + P3....

Ptotal = Ntotal(R)(T)

The sum of partial pressures of all the different gases are equal to the total pressure

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