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UPNS 309 (Pharm) Exam #1 Questions With Complete Solutions
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UPNS 309 (Pharm) Exam #1 Questions With Complete Solutions
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UPNS 309 (Pharm) Exam #1 Questions With CompleteSolutions
-Levetiracetam (Keppra) then new Dilantin -> don't get as many
side effects Correct Answers -Similar mechanism of action,
inhibit sodium influx decreasing CNS activity
Do not get long standing side effects
Some adverse: mild CNS side effects headaches, vertigo,
lethargy
Will couch them on, and will hopefully go away over time after
using the drug
Eliminated by kidney, so need to adjust dosage if patient has
kidney problems
-Potassium replacement/ removal Correct Answers
A lot of drugs follow under this category: LOL Correct
Answers -Selective beta ant-agonists -> only block beta 1
receptors
Non-selective beta antagonists-> Both beta 1 and beta 2
receptors -> people that have trouble breathing -> beta 2 will not
be able to dilate the bronchioles
We want to avoid non-selective beta antagonists with lung
problems copd
Want to avoid with diabetics because will end up being
hypoglycemic
,Acetylcholine (Ach) Correct Answers -Neurotransmitter that
communitcates with receptors on the PNS (stimulates
cholinergic receptors)
1. Nicotinic receptors
2. Muscarinic receptors
-Drugs that stimulate PNS mimic parasympthatetic
neurotransmitter acetylcholine (Cholinergic agonists)
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors (AChE inhibitors) Correct
Answers -Neostigmine (Prostigmin): Short acting
-Edrophonium (Tensilon): Ultrashort-acting for diagnosis
-Pyridostigmine (Mestinon): intermediate-acting
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors/Cholinesterase inhibitors
Correct Answers -Tacrine (Cognex)
-Donepezil (Aricept)-> 1x daily
-Rivastigmine (Exelon)-> 2x daily
-Galantamine (Razadyne)-> 2x daily
AChE Inhibitor Side effects Correct Answers -GI disturbances
(nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps)
-Increased salivation
-Tearing
-Miosis (constricted pupil of the eye)
-Blurred vision
-Bradycardia
-Hypotension
AChE inhibitors Assessment Correct Answers -Obtain a drug
history of drugs patient currently takes. -Report if a drug-drug
,interaction is likely. Patient should avoid atropine, atropine-like
drugs, and muscle relaxants.
-Record baseline vital signs for future comparison.
-Assess patient for signs and symptoms of myasthenia crisis
such as muscle weakness with difficulty breathing and
swallowing.
AChE inhibitors Mechanism of action Correct Answers
Transmission of neuromuscular impulses by preventing
destruction of Ach
AChE inhibitors Nursing diagnosis Correct Answers -
Ineffective breathing pattern related to weak respiratory muscles
-Risk for activity intolerance related to fatigue
-Anxiety related to possible recurrence of myasthenia crisis and
dyspnea
-Knowledge deficit related to unfamiliar medications
AChe inhibitors Planning Correct Answers Patient's symptoms
of muscle weakness and difficulty breathing and swallowing
caused by MG will be eliminated or reduced in 2 to 3 days
Action of Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AchE
inhibitors)/Cholinesterase inhibitors Correct Answers Allow
more acetylcholine in neuron receptors
Increase cognitive function
Use: Mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease
Adrenergic Blockers Nursing diagnosis Correct Answers -
Decreased cardiac output related to hypotension and bradycardia
, -Risk for falls related to dizziness
-Fatigue related to medication adverse effects
Adrenergic receptors active in the SNS include: Correct
Answers -Alpha receptors
>A-1 receptor (Post-ganglionic)
>A-2 receptor (Pre-ganglionic)
-Beta receptors
>B-1 receptors (Post synaptic)
>B-2 receptors (Post-synaptic)
-Dopaminergic receptors-> located in the renal, mesenteric,
coronary, and cerebral arteries
-Each adrenergic receptor is stimulated by NE or EPI, leading to
a response by the effector organ
Adrenergic receptors of the SNS are stimulated by
norepinephrine Correct Answers -Post-ganglionic receptors are
known as adrenergic receptors
-Agents that stimulate adrenergic receptors are known as
"adrenergic agonists" which mimic norepinephrine
Adverse effects of Selective Beta-1 antagonists: Correct
Answers -Bradycardia
-Edema (swelling)
-Dizziness
-Fatigue
Albuterol (Ventolin) Correct Answers -Short acting beta-2
agoinst
-Available as an inhaler, nebulized solution, tablet, and oral
liquid
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