NUR 340 Final Exam - Module 5 Review Questions and Correct Answers
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Course
NUR 340
Institution
NUR 340
What is psoriasis? A condition in which skin cells build up and form scales and itchy, dry patches.
Chronic; usually appears between ages of 15-35 Tends to be familial Mild: 3% of body Severe: greater than 10% of body Weakened immune system At risk for cardiovascular disease At risk for social iso...
NUR 340 Final Exam - Module 5 Review
Questions and Correct Answers
What is psoriasis? ✅A condition in which skin cells build up and form scales and itchy,
dry patches.
Chronic; usually appears between ages of 15-35
Tends to be familial
Mild: 3% of body
Severe: greater than 10% of body
Weakened immune system
At risk for cardiovascular disease
At risk for social isolation and decreased quality of life
How do you treat psoriasis? ✅Treatment
Tazarotene
- Topical vitamin A derivative
- Benefits may last for months
- Side effects are local
- Increased photosensitivity
What is actinic keratosis? ✅A rough, scaly patch on the skin caused by years of sun
exposure.
Pre-cancerous, rough dry scaly patch or growth
Etiology: Years of damaging sun/UVL exposure
Risk factors
Fair skin, hair, eyes
Freckles or burns easily
Age 40 or older
Immunocompromised
Photosensitivity
Work with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons such as roofing tar
What are the clinical manifestations of actinic keratosis? ✅- Sand paper-like patch on
skin
- Rough patch or growth that feels painful
when rubbed
- Itching or burning
- Lips feel constantly dry
What is psoralen plus UVL phototherapy? ✅Psoralen taken for prescribed time prior to
light therapy to increase photosensitivity
,Psoralen side effects: nausea, vomiting, sunburn, persistent itching; cataracts,
immunosuppression, increased risk skin cancer
Use cautiously in hepatic and renal impaired
What is a phototherapy treatment? ✅Phototherapy. Phototherapy or light therapy,
involves exposing the skin to ultraviolet light on a regular basis and under medical
supervision. Treatments are done in a doctor's office or psoriasis clinic or at home with
phototherapy unit. The key to success with light therapy is consistency.
- Teaching
Avoid other photosensitizing chemicals
Wear sunglasses that block 100% UVL
What is photodynamic therapy? ✅Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment that
uses a drug, called a photosensitizer or photosensitizing agent, and a particular type of
light. When photosensitizers are exposed to a specific wavelength of light, they produce
a form of oxygen that kills nearby cells (1-3).
Treatment of actinic keratosis and malignant skin tumors
Photosensitizing agent causes selective tumor necrosis
What are the benefits of laser technology? ✅Benefits
Efficient, consistent, measurable
Can repeatedly target same zones
Can coagulate and vaporize
Does not cause cumulative damage
CO2 most common
Argon—absorbed by heme
What are the side effects of corticosteroids used in dermatological conditions? ✅-
Long-term use can cause adrenal insufficiency
--In 2-3 weeks may see fragile skin and bruising
--Rosacea and acne exacerbations are possible
--Rebound dermatitis after therapy is stopped
taper dose to prevent or minimize
-Ointments are most potent
--Apply in thin layers and slowly massage in
What are antihistamines used for in dermatological conditions? ✅help with hives,
swelling, itching
,- Hydroxyzine, diphenhydramine
Central histamine blockers- for the sedative effect
- Loratidine, cetirizine, fexofenadine
Peripheral histamine blockers—no sedation; not effective for pruritis
What is topical fluorouracil? ✅use for pre-malignant (actinic keratosis) and some
malignant conditions
Systemic side-effects insignificant
3-5 days: Redness and pruritis
1-3 weeks: Pain and erosion
- Apply low-potency topical corticosteroids 20 minutes after
- Treatment 2-6 weeks with healing 4 weeks after treatment stops
- Thorough teaching to promote adherence to regimen is key to successful treatment
What are topical immunomodulators used for? ✅treat atopic dermatitis or psoriatic
conditions by suppressing overactive immune system
Minimal side effects
Transient heat or burning sensation
May have increased risk skin cancer
What is fibromyalgia? ✅Chronic disorder characterized by
- Widespread, nonarticular musculoskeletal pain and fatigue
- Multiple tender points
FMS patients may also have
- Nonrestorative sleep and morning stiffness
- Anxiety
- Irritable bowel syndrome
Commonly misdiagnosed musculoskeletal disorder
Major cause of disability
Affects 2% to 5% of the U.S. population
Occurs 6 times more frequently in women than in men
What are the clinical manifestations and complications of fibromyalgia? ✅Complaints
of:
- Widespread burning pain
- Pain worsens and improves throughout day.
- Difficult to discriminate pain
- Head or facial pain originates from stiff or painful neck and shoulder muscles.
- Nonrestorative sleep
- Fatigue
- *Temporomandibular joint dysfunction*
- Affects approximately one third of FMS patients
- Point tenderness varies.
, - Numbness and tingling in hands or feet
- Restless leg syndrome
- Irritable bowel syndrome
- Difficulty swallowing
- ↑ frequency of urination and urinary urgency
For women, difficult menstruation
Cognitive effects
- Range from difficulty concentrating to memory lapses
- Feelings of being overwhelmed when dealing with multiple tasks
- Migraine headaches
- Depression and anxiety
How do we diagnose fibromyalgia? ✅Difficult to establish a definitive diagnosis
Laboratory results rule out other suspected disorders.
Occasionally a low ANA titer is seen.
Not considered diagnostic
Muscle biopsy may reveal a nonspecific moth-eaten look or fiber atrophy.
FMS if two criteria are met
*Pain is experienced in 11 of 18 tender points on palpation.*
*History of widespread pain for at least 3 months is noted.*
How do we treat fibromyalgia? ✅Treatment is symptomatic and requires a high level of
patient motivation.
- Teach patient to be an active participant in therapeutic regimen.
- Pain, aching, and tenderness can be helped by rest.
Drug Therapy:
Antidepressants: reduce pain and fatigue
Anticonvulsants: Reduce pain
Analgesics are effective for some.
- Acetaminophen (Tylenol), NSAIDs
Serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants
- Reserved for those with depression
- Drug treatment includes low doses of tricyclic compounds such as cyclobenzaprine
(Flexeril) and amitriptyline (Elavil).
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