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NURS 309 Exam 3 Questions With Complete Solutions
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NURS 309 Exam 3 Questions With Complete Solutions
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NURS 309 Exam 3 Questions With Complete Solutionsa patient who is allergic to penicillin is more likely to also be
allergic to: Correct Answers cephalosporins
Absorptive atelectasis Correct Answers Nitrogen prevents
alveolar collapse, and when high oxygen levels are delivered,
nitrogen is diluted and oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the
blood, causing them to collapse. Symptoms are crackles and
decreased breath sounds on auscultation
acid-base balance occurs by Correct Answers matching the rate
of hydrogen ion production with hydrogen ion loss
actual acid excess Correct Answers acidosis resulting from
overproducing acids (releasing H+) or underelimination of acids
(H+ retention)
-diabetic ketoacidosis and seizures increase acid production
-respiratory and kidney impairment decrease H+ elimination
acute rhinitis Correct Answers seasonal, reoccurs at the same
time each year and lasts only a few weeks
allergic rhinitis AKA hay fever Correct Answers Type I
sensitivity triggered by airborne allergens. Symptoms are
runny/stuffy nose and itchy/water eyes. They breathe through
the mouth and voice has a nasal sound. Drainage from nose is
clear or white. Nasal mucosa is swollen and pink. May have a
headache or feel pressure over frontal and maxillary sinuses.
,anaphylaxis Correct Answers allergic reaction that causes
widespread blood vessel dilation, decreased cardiac output, and
bronchoconstriction
anaphylaxis manifestations Correct Answers apprehension,
anxiety, weakness, feeling impending sense of doom followed
by itching, urticaria (hives), erythema, and angioedema.
Histamine and chemical mediators cause inflammation,
bronchoconstriction, mucosal edema, and excess mucus
production. Crackles, wheezing, and reduced breath sounds
upon auscultation are heard. Hypotension and rapid, weak pulse,
and diaphoresis.
antihistamines Correct Answers block histamine from binding
to the receptor, which prevents vasodilation and capillary leak
atelplase, tPA, activase Correct Answers breaks up large PE.
Contraindicated in patients who had recent surgery or GI bleed.
Antidote is fresh frozen plasma, Amicar
bicarbonate (HCO3-) Correct Answers most common base in
body. Comes from GI absorption of ingested bicarbonate,
pancreatic production of bicarbonate, movement of cellular
bicarbonate into the ECF, kidney reabsorption of bicarbonate,
and breakdown of carbonic acid
Bicarbonate to carbonic acid ratio Correct Answers 1:20
Carbonic acid (H2CO3) Correct Answers most common acid
produced by the mixture of CO2 with water. It is unstable and
separates into H+ and bicarbonate ions
, Cause of overelimination of bicarbonate Correct Answers
diarrhea
Causes of overproduction of H+ Correct Answers -excessive
oxidation of fatty acids from diabetic ketoacidosis and starvation
-hypermetabolism from heavy exercise, seizure activity, fever,
hypoxia, ischemia
-excessive ingestion of acids from ethanol, methanol, and
salicylate intoxication
Causes of respiratory acidosis Correct Answers
hypoventilation, COPD, neurologic diseases (Guillian Barre,
Myasthenia Gravis), drug overdose, over sedation (opioids)
Causes of underelimination of H+ Correct Answers kidney
failure
Causes of underproduction of bicarbonate Correct Answers
kidney failure, pancreatitis, liver failure, dehydration
Cell destruction Correct Answers cell contents and their
structures that contain acid are released. Increase H+ levels in
ECF
chemical buffers Correct Answers bicarbonate (in ECF and
ICF) and phosphate (in ICF)
-immediate response to canging conditions and can handle small
fluctuations in H+
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