FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING CARE
CHAPTER 15 (PERSONAL CARE)
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS 2024
Excoriation - ANSWER Scrapes on the skin
Lesion - ANSWER Open areas of diseased skin
Leukoplakia - ANSWER White patches on the oral cavity that can be precancerous
Maceration - ANSWER Softened skin due to fluid
Mottling - ANSWER Purplish blotching of the skin
Seborrhea - ANSWER Overproduction of sebum
Lice - ANSWER Tiny parasites that invade the hair - causes itching
Nits - ANSWER tiny bumps affixed to the shaft of the hair; eggs of lice
Early morning care - ANSWER Assist with toileting and oral care
Morning care - ANSWER assist with bath, toileting, oral care, back massage, hair care, dressing, bedding
Afternoon care - ANSWER Assist with toileting, straighten bed, make patient comfortable, provide oral
fluids if allowed
Bedtime care (HS) - ANSWER assist patient to prepare for sleep, assist with toileting, offer fluids if
allowed, straighten room, dim lights, massage (follow facility police)
, Bathing - ANSWER Keeps oneself clean and well groomed; referred to as Activities of Daily Living (ADLs)
Washing and styling hair - ANSWER helps patients look and feel better; allows nurse to inspect the scalp;
shampoo if possible; cultural considerations
Oral Care - ANSWER freshens and cleans oral cavity; allows for assessment of dentition and oral mucosa;
risk of aspiration for unconscious patient
Observations during oral care - ANSWER decaying, broken, missing teeth - reddened or bleeding gums -
ulcerations of the mucosa - coating of the tongue - white patches on the tongue
Observations during nail care - ANSWER discoloration - ridges - redness - infections - thick yellow toenails
Observations during hair care - ANSWER lesions - ringwork of the scalp - dandruff - seborrhea - lice and
nits
Patients benefits of bathing - ANSWER cleanses skin - increases circulation and sensation - provides
comfort and relaxation - improves self-esteem
Self-care patients - ANSWER patients who are able to perform ADLs without assistance
Assisted care - ANSWER patients who need some assistance with ADLs
Total care - ANSWER Patients who are able to do very little or nothing for themselves
Bathing principles - ANSWER Head to toe - inner to outer - clean to dirty - distal to proximal - change
water when necessary - perineal care last (allow patient to do if able to)
Patients needing special mouth care - ANSWER Patients who are NPO, receiving oxygen by cannula or
mask, having a nasogastric or feeding tube in place, who are unconscious
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