NR565 Advanced Pharmacology Fundamentals
EXAM 1 2024/2025 WITH REAL QUESTIONS
AND VERIFIED ANSWERS // ALREADY
GRADED A+ // GUARANTEED PASS // NR565
What constitutes drug resistant TB - ANSWER-Drug-resistant tuberculosis occurs
when TB bacteria become resistant to the drugs used to treat the disease and
includes multidrug-resistant (MDR TB) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR TB).
Treatment of TB in a pregnant person, what all should be included? - ANSWER-A
9-month regimen of isoniazid is recommended for pregnant women and should
also receive pyridoxine supplements.
When to test for h. Pylori: - ANSWER-If on treatment and not getting better.
Consider testing before prescribing H2 receptor antagonists/PPIs.
How to treat h. Pylori - ANSWER-Continue PPIs for 8-12 weeks, low-risk maybe
no treatment, high-risk may require chronic acid suppression therapy. GI referral if
no relief.
Lifestyle modifications to support ulcer healing - ANSWER-Stop smoking, change
in eating pattern (smaller meals and avoiding caffeine), avoid aspirin and NSAIDs,
stop alcohol consumption, decrease stress and anxiety.
Isoniazid (INH) - ANSWER-a drug that can be used to prevent TB in people that
have been exposed.
,Rifabutin TB - ANSWER-deemed the safest during pregnancy.
cold and cough meds actions (3) - ANSWER-Decongestants decrease stuffiness.
Antitussives suppress coughing. Expectorants help to clear out mucous.
examples of decongestants - ANSWER-Beclomethasone dipropionate, budesonide,
fluticasone, triamcinolone.
Which drug class has no significant drug interactions: cold and cough - ANSWER-
expectorants
H2 receptor antagonists’ examples - ANSWER-Cimetidine (Tagamet), famotidine
(Pepcid), nizatidine (Axid), ranitidine (Zantac).
Which is most likely to interact due to CYP450 enzyme system? - ANSWER-
Cimetidine (Tagamet)
What patient teaching can a provider give when prescribing an H2RA? -
ANSWER-Report lethargy, somnolence, restlessness, confusion or hallucinations.
(CNS effects). Teach about possible reduced libido, impotence, gynecomastia,
pneumonia. P.594 Cimetidine interacts with CYP system so check with pt. if they
are taking warfarin, phenytoin, theophylline, lidocaine.
A patient presents with a complaint of reflux and constipation. He states that he
drinks enough water, and admits he has gained 30lbs. He also states that he has
been having "reflux" type symptoms. What are your next steps for education? -
ANSWER-Educate that weight gain can promote reflux symptoms, ask about any
otc use such as antacids which may cause constipation What labs are used to
, diagnose hypo/hyper thyroid? - ANSWER-TSH, T3, and T4. High TSH = hypo
and low TSH = hyper. Opposites.
Timeframe for re-check of labs after starting levothyroxine - ANSWER-6-8 weeks
(long half-life). Yearly after stable.
Signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism - ANSWER-Dry hair, puffy face, goiter in
the neck, slow heartbeat, weight gain, constipation, infertility, increased risk of
miscarriages, irregular menstrual cycle, cold intolerance.
Drug of choice for hypothyroidism - ANSWER-Levothyroxine (Synthroid)
§ Signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism - ANSWER-Hair loss, bulging eyes,
goiter, rapid heartbeat, weight loss, diarrhea, menstrual periods loss often or
longer.
Drug of choice for hyperthyroidism - ANSWER-Methimazole (Tapazole)
Treatment of thyroid storm - ANSWER-high doses of potassium iodide or strong
iodine solution are given to suppress thyroid hormone release. Methimazole is
given to suppress thyroid hormone synthesis. Beta blocker given to reduce HR.
additional measures include sedation, cooling, and giving glucocorticoids and IV
fluids.
Result of not treating hypothyroidism during pregnancy: - ANSWER-Permanent
neuro-psychological deficits in the child. Decrease IQ/neuropsychological
function. First trimester.
Medication to treat symptoms of hyperthyroidism (notice this is treating symptoms
and not the hyperthyroidism itself): - ANSWER-Beta blockers (tachycardia) -
