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KCL Med ACRS Summarised

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ive sumarised the ACRS notes into a single document so its all in one place to revise

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  • August 28, 2024
  • 17
  • 2023/2024
  • Class notes
  • Alister hunter
  • All classes
  • Unknown
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CHEST W ALL
Extrinsic muscles of the chest wall:
Pectoralis major Accessory
muscles of
Serratus anterior (attach to ribs) inspiration

External oblique abdominis
Expiration by
Rectus abdominis
depressing rib
cage

Intrinsic muscles of the chest wall:
external intercostal- \\\\
Intercostal
internal intercostal- //// neurovascular
innermost intercostal bundle VAN
between them
Inside the ribs, there is a layer
of fascia called the
sitting under
endothoracic fascia. This fascia groove of each rib
acts like a glue to adhere to a
serous membrane called
parietal pleura

The Sternum:
Manubrium
Sternal angle(louis)- 2o cartilaginous joint
Body of sternum
Xiphisternum (xiphoid process)

Rib classification:
True ribs (1-7)
False ribs (8-10) -costal margin
Free floating ribs (11-12)-no posterior attachment
*Attached posteriorly to the 12 thoracic vertebrae

The Thoracic cage joints:
1st sternocostal joint – 10 cartilaginous
2nd -7th sternocostal joint – synovial
8th -10th chondrochondral joint -synovial

Ribcage support:
Sternocleidomastoid muscle
Mastoid process of skull to
clavicle and sternum

Scalenus anterior, Medius and posterior
from transverse process of cervical
vertebrae to 1st and 2nd rib

,Babies’ vs adults:
Babies have more horizontal ribs meaning costal margin is wider
Babies have more flexible ribs less likely to fracture
Usually both heal rapidly

, Osteology of Typical rib:
3rd – 9th/10th rib
Head – superior demi-facet
Interarticular crest
(back)
Posterior




Inferior demi-facet
Neck
Tubercle – articular part (facet)
Non articular part (ligamentous)
Shaft Anterior (front)
Angle of the rib
Subcostal groove
For nerves arteries veins to be supported

Osteology of Atypical Rib:
1st Rib – boomerang
Scalene tubercle (for anterior scalenus)
Single facet
Grooves for subclavian vessels
2 rib – tubercle for scalenus posterior
nd

Tubercle for serratus anterior
(10 ) – Sometimes Atypical
th

May articulate with t10 vertebrae only
11 + 12 – do not have tubercles and don’t attach anteriorly
th th

Inly have single facet on heads

Articular Facets on vertebrae:
Superior facet (head of rib)
Inferior facet (rib below)
Facet for rib tubercle

Typical vs Atypical thoracic vertebrae:
Atypical are 1 10 11 and 12
*2 is not Atypical and 10 is always Atypical

Costovertebral Joints:
Facilitate movement of ribs
Upper ribs outwards and forwards – pump handle (true ribs)
Lower ribs to side – bucket handle (false ribs)
e
Anastomos




Vasculature of the chest wall:
1)branches of axillary artery to pectoral region
2)thoracic aorta forms posterior intercostal arteries 3)
3) internal thoracic arteries form anterior intercostal arteries
breathing
depends on pressure of
Valveless- movement




*Subclavian arteries give rise to the internal thoracic arteries on each side

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