Linguistics - answer✔✔the scientific discipline concerned with the study of language
symbol - answer✔✔relation between signifier and signified arbitrary, agreement of speech
community
prescriptivism - answer✔✔The view that there is a right and a wrong way to speak a language
and that there are certain correct forms that should be used
synchrony - answer✔✔the study of languages at a specific point in time
descriptivism - answer✔✔aims to describe the facts of linguistic usage as they are in practice
diachrony - answer✔✔the study of language change over time
langage - answer✔✔general human capacity of speech
langue - answer✔✔non-individual, social, abstract language system
parole - answer✔✔realization of linguistic system in individual speech
semiotics - answer✔✔the study of how meaning is generated and conveyed by the means of
signs
signified - answer✔✔concept
signifier - answer✔✔sound image
signifié - answer✔✔signified, concept
signifiant - answer✔✔signifier, sound image
arbitrariness, conventionality, linearity, reciprocity - answer✔✔the linguistic sign
icon - answer✔✔sign looks like the thing it represents
referential function - answer✔✔context/ information
metalinguistic function - answer✔✔to talk about language
poetic function - answer✔✔aesthetic
phatic function - answer✔✔social interaction
syntagmatic relationship - answer✔✔signs occur in sequence or parallel and operate together to
create meaning
paradigmatic relationship - answer✔✔an individual sign may be replaced by another
Phonetics - answer✔✔study of material aspects of speech and sound
Phonology - answer✔✔study of function of speech sounds as abstract units in a given language
system
phone - answer✔✔actual speech sounds speakers produce
phoneme - answer✔✔smallest meaning-distinguishing sound unit in a language system
International Phonetic Alphabet - answer✔✔IPA
consonant - answer✔✔airstream is partially or fully obstructed by some of the articulators
vowel - answer✔✔produced without any obstruction of the airstream
minimal pair - answer✔✔two words that differ in meaning and one sound only
allophone - answer✔✔realisational variants of a phoneme
complementary distribution allophone - answer✔✔depends on phonetic enviroment, e.g. clear l,
dark l
free variation allophone - answer✔✔allophone depends on extralinguistic factors
suprasegmental phonology - answer✔✔study of sounds in sentences and how they change; also
stress and intonation patterns
syllable - answer✔✔onset and rhyme(neucleus and coda)
morphology - answer✔✔sub-discipline of linguistics concerned with the study of the internal
structure of words and the patterns and principles underlying their composition
morpheme - answer✔✔smallest linguistic unit carrying meaning
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