AQA 2024
A-level
HISTORY
7042/1H
Component 1H Tsarist and Communist
Russia, 1855–1964
Question paper and Mark scheme
Merged
,A-level
HISTORY
Component 1H Tsarist and Communist Russia, 1855–1964
Thursday 23 May 2024 Morning Time allowed: 2 hours 30 minutes
Materials
For this paper you must have:
• an AQA 16-page answer book.
Instructions
• Use black ink or black ball-point pen.
• Write the information required on the front of your answer book. The Paper Reference is
7042/1H.
• Answer three questions.
In Section A answer Question 01.
In Section B answer two questions.
Information
• The marks for questions are shown in brackets.
• The maximum mark for this paper is 80.
• You will be marked on your ability to:
– use good English
– organise information clearly
– use specialist vocabulary where appropriate.
Advice
• You are advised to spend about:
– 1 hour on Question 01 from Section A
– 45 minutes on each of the two questions answered from Section B.
IB/M/Jun24/G4006/E5 7042/1H
, 2
Section A
Answer Question 01.
Extract A
In its early years, the new Communist state brought relative social freedom. The
revolution was liberating, furthering the personal freedom of the individual. After 1929,
however, everything changed. Individuality disappeared and the ‘good times under
Lenin’ were remembered nostalgically, especially by the embittered peasants in the
countryside who were being forced into the new collective farms. Those living in towns 5
also suffered at the hands of the state. Housing was in desperately short supply and not
high on the order of official priorities. Hours of work were long and discipline stringent.
Almost all women worked and the state assumed responsibilities for their children. When
the working day was over, the political obligations started: meetings of factory groups,
trade unions and other party activities. Informal social life virtually disappeared. People 10
lived with the fear of the secret police. The class enemy, they were told, was lurking
everywhere. Surveillance of neighbours was deemed a social duty and Russians learnt
to maintain their distance and be careful about what they said.
Adapted from J P Nettl, The Soviet Achievement, 1967
Extract B
The Communist state brought some impressive social changes. In the 1920s, there was
an attack on ‘bourgeois’ attitudes everywhere, from within the state to the family. ‘The
League of the Godless’ launched a full-blooded assault on the Orthodox Church,
so-called comrades’ courts took over criminal cases, educational opportunities expanded
and barriers between white-collar and manual labour were broken down. In the early 5
1930s, some of the more extreme social experimentation was curbed, which helped
make life more settled, but society continued to progress. Industrialisation came as a
blessing, bringing jobs for all, including women. Factory canteens were built, which
guaranteed everyone basic rations. Health services improved. Millions benefited from
the adult literacy campaign of the 1930s. The educational opportunities open to children 10
expanded swiftly. What is more, in 1936, Stalin proudly introduced the ‘only thoroughly
democratic constitution in the world’, with universal, direct, secret and equal suffrage
together with a guarantee of civil liberties.
Adapted from E Acton, Russia: The Tsarist and Soviet Legacy, 1995
IB/M/Jun24/G4006/7042/1H
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