AACN sAGACNP sboards smaterial sreview sQUESTIONS
sAND sANSWERS s2024/2025
Pericarditis s- sCorrect s sAnswer s- sOften spresent sw/ sfriction srub, ssharp sCP sw/ sinspiration, slow-
grade sfever, smuffled sheart stones, shypotension. sTx sw/ scolchicine.
Pulmonary sedema s- sCorrect s sAnswer s- sPink/frothy ssputum. sTachypnea, sdyspnea, sb/l swheeze.
sCXR sshows salveolar sinfiltrates, skerley sB slines, sand spleural seffusions.
Cardiac stamponade s- sCorrect s sAnswer s- sBecks sTriad= smuffled stones, sJVD, sHoTN. sNarrow
spulse spressure. sLow sC.O., slow sBP, stachy, shigh sRR, sJVD, spulsus sparadoxus.
Diagnose sw/ sEcho
CPGs sfor shypertensive surgency sBP sreduction s- sCorrect s sAnswer s- s10-25% sin sthe s1st shour,
sthen s160/100 swithin s6h, sthen sto snormal sover snext s24h.
Septal sMI s- sCorrect s sAnswer s- sV1, sV2
LAD
Anterior sMI s- sCorrect s sAnswer s- sV3, sV4
LAD
Inferior/posterior sMI s- sCorrect s sAnswer s- sII, sIII, saVF
RCA
Lateral sMI s- sCorrect s sAnswer s- sI, saVL, sV5, sV6
Circumflex
Endocarditis s- sCorrect s sAnswer s- sEcho sshows svegetation, sabscess, sor svalve sdysfunction. sTx
sABX
Pulsus sparadoxus s- sCorrect s sAnswer s- sFall sin sSBP s>10 smmHg sduring sinspiration
S4 sgallop s- sCorrect s sAnswer s- sCommon sin saortic sstenosis
,A-FIb sablation s- sCorrect s sAnswer s- s>90% spulmonary sveins. sAnticoags sfor s2-3 smonths
sfollowing.
NYHA sHF sClassification s- sCorrect s sAnswer s- sStages sof sHF:
Class sI s(mild): sno ssx, sno slimitations
Class sII s(mild): sno ssx s@ srest, sslight slimitation, sordinary sactivity sleads sto ssx
Class sIII s(moderate): sno ssx s@ srest, smarked slimitation sw/ sphysical sactivity, sless sthan sordinary
sactivity sresults sin ssx
Class sIV s(severe): ssx s@ srest, sunable sto sdo sany sphysical sactivity sw/o sdiscomfort
Nitroglycerin s- sCorrect s sAnswer s- sVasodilator, scauses shypotension, sHA.
AHA sguideline sstatin stherapy s- sCorrect s sAnswer s- sAge s40-75 sw/ sDM sand sLDL s>/= s70
sshould sget smoderate sto shigh sintensity sstatin stherapy
Hyperkalemia sECG schanges s- sCorrect s sAnswer s- s• sTall/peaked sT swave
• sProlonged sPR
• sST sdepression
• sWide sQRS
• sLoss sof sP swave
• sV-FIb
• sVentricular sstandstill
Common scomplication sof scarotid sendarterectomy s- sCorrect s sAnswer s- sHypoglossal snerve
sdamage, stongue sdeviation sipsilateral sside sof ssurgery.
Common srhythm sw/ sTOF s- sCorrect s sAnswer s- sV-Tach
Statin sside seffect s- sCorrect s sAnswer s- sCauses spainful smuscle sspasms s2/2 sskeletal smuscle
sbreakdown, sincreased sCK slevels.
ACS smedications s- sCorrect s sAnswer s- sAspirin s1st s(antiplatelet), snitroglycerin sfor sischemia,
sbeta sblocker sto sreduce scardiac sworkload sby sreducing sHR.
, Cardiac sresynchronization stherapy s- sCorrect s sAnswer s- sUses s3 sleads s(RA, sRV, sLV) sto simprove
sventricular sfilling sand scardiac soutput.
Clopidogrel s(Plavix) s- sCorrect s sAnswer s- sAntiplatelet;
Loading sdose s300 smg, sthen s75 smg sdaily
Digoxin stoxicity s- sCorrect s sAnswer s- sBrady, sPVCs, sLBBB. s
*Diltiazem sknown sto sincrease sdigoxin slevels, sworsening stoxicity. sTx= sdigibind.
SVT s- sCorrect s sAnswer s- stachy s100-300 sbpm, sgenerally snarrow sQRS scomplexes, sand sP swave
soften sburied sin sor safter sthe sQRS scomplex.
Postural sorthostatic stachycardia ssyndrome s(POTS) s- sCorrect s sAnswer s- sUsually striggered slying
sto sstanding. sSx= slightheadedness, sfainting, sand srapid sHR. s
Tx= sincrease sNa+ sand sfluids, sadd sbeta sblocker.
Target sTemp sManagement s(TTM) s- sCorrect s sAnswer s- sReduce smortality sand simprove
sneurological soutcomes sin sunresponsive spatients swho sachieve sROSC safter scardiac sarrest.
Contraindications; shemorrhagic sstroke, sGCS s> s8, suncontrolled sbleeding, suncontrolled
shemodynamically sunstable srhythms, sand scardiac sarrest sdue sto strauma.
Pulmonary sEmbolism s- sCorrect s sAnswer s- sCP, sdyspnea, stachycardia, stachypnea, shemoptysis.
sTrop/BNP soften selevated s2/2 sR sheart sstrain. sCTPA sgold sstandard sdiagnostic. sTx sw/ sHep sgtt,
sunless sthrombectomy sor stPA.
Pulmonary sHTN s- sCorrect s sAnswer s- sDyspnea, sECG= sR saxis sdeviation, sRV shypertrophy,
stricuspid sregurg. sDiagnose sw/ sR sheart scath.
Community sacquired sPNA s(CAP) s- sCorrect s sAnswer s- sStrept spneumoniae slikely spathogen. sOral
samoxicillin s+ smacrolide sie sazithromycin.
Hospital sacquired sPNA s(HAP) s- sCorrect s sAnswer s- s48 shrs safter sadmission. sStrept/Staph
s(MSSA/MRSA) sand spseudomonas spathogens. sSputum sculture, sbroad sspec- sZosyn s& sVanc
s(MRSA scoverage)
Ventilator sacquired sPNA s(VAP) s- sCorrect s sAnswer s- s48 shrs safter sintubation.
Tx: sVanc/Zosyn s+ sLinezolid
Acute sasthma s- sCorrect s sAnswer s- sMag ssulfate sfor ssevere sacute sexacc sto simprove sairflow.
sDehydration s2/2 shigh sRR sin sstatus sasthmaticus.
