NURS 5315 UTA Exam 1 UPDATED Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Atrophy - CORRECT ANSWER- E. Cells decrease in size
P. Still functional
Physiologic: thymus gland in early childhood
Pathological: disuse
Hypertrophy - CORRECT ANSWER- E. Increase in cell size
P. Increased workload
Physiologic...
Atrophy - CORRECT ANSWER- E. Cells decrease in size
P. Still functional
Physiologic: thymus gland in early childhood
Pathological: disuse
Hypertrophy - CORRECT ANSWER- E. Increase in cell size
P. Increased workload
Physiologic: weightlifting
Pathologic: cardiomegaly from HTN
Hyperplasia - CORRECT ANSWER- E. Increase in cell number
P. Increased cellular division
Physiologic: liver regeneration
Pathologic: endometrial- usually r/t hormones
Dysplasia - CORRECT ANSWER- E. Cells change in size, shape, organization
P. AKA atypical hyperplasia, a disorderly proliferation
Physiologic: N/A
Pathologic: squamous dysplasia of cervix from HPV
Metaplasia - CORRECT ANSWER- E. one cell type replaced with another
P. reprogramming of stem cells, reversible
Physiologic: N/A
Pathologic: stratified squamous cells in bronchial lining r/t cigarette smoke
Hypoxia injury - CORRECT ANSWER- E. inadequate oxygenation of tissues
, P. decrease in mitochondrial function, decreased production of ATP increases anaerobic
metabolism. eventual cell death.
C.M. hypoxia, cyanosis, cognitive impairment, lethargy
Free radical and ROS - CORRECT ANSWER- E. normal byproduct of ATP production, will
overwhelm the mitochondria- exhaust intracellular antioxidants
P. lipid peroxidation, damage proteins, fragment DNA
C.M. development in Alzheimer's, heart disease, Parkinson's disease, Amyotrophic Lateral
Sclerosis
Ethanol - CORRECT ANSWER- E. mood altering drug, long term effects on liver and
nutritional status
P. metabolized by liver, generates free radicals
C.M. CNS depression, nutrient deficiencies-Mag, Vit B6, thiamine, PO4, inflammation and
fatty infiltration of liver, hepatomegaly, leads to liver failure irreversible
Oncosis - CORRECT ANSWER- Na and H2O enter cell and cause swelling. Organ increases
in weight, becomes distended and pale. Associated with high fever, hypocalcemia, certain
infections
Fatty Infiltration - CORRECT ANSWER- intracellular accumulation of lipids in the liver
liver fails to metabolize lipids. usually from ETOH or high fat diet. can lead to cirrhosis
dystrophic calcification - CORRECT ANSWER- accumulation of Ca in dead or dying tissues
calcium salt clump and harden- interfere with cellular structure and function
r/t pulmonary TB, atherosclerosis, injured heart valves, chronic pancreatitis
metastatic calcification - CORRECT ANSWER- accumulation of Ca in normal tissue
result of hypercalcemia r/t hyperparathyroidism, hyperthyroidism, toxic levels of Vit D. Can
also r/t hyperphosphatemia in renal failure
urate accumulation - CORRECT ANSWER- sodium urate crystals are deposited in tissues-
group of disorders collectively called gout- acute arthritis, chronic gouty arthritis, tophus,
nephritis
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