Dental Radiology Final Exam with correct answers 2024
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Course
Dental Radiology Fin
Institution
Dental Radiology Fin
Describe the importance of dental radiographs. correct answers They are essential for diagnostic purposes; allows the dental professional to identify many conditions that may otherwise go undetected and to see many conditions that are not apparent clinically.
List the uses of dental radiographs...
Describe the importance of dental radiographs. correct answers They are essential for
diagnostic purposes; allows the dental professional to identify many conditions that may
otherwise go undetected and to see many conditions that are not apparent clinically.
List the uses of dental radiographs. correct answers Used for detection of diseases,
lesions, and conditions of the teeth and bones that cannot be identified by clinical
examination.
Discuss early pioneers in dental radiography and their contribution. correct answers -
William Conrad Roentgen: discovered the x-ray on November 8, 1895
- Otto Walkhoff: German dentist in 1895 who made the first dental radiograph
- C. Edmund Kells: New Orleans dentist is credited with the first practical use of the
dental radiograph in 1896
- William H. Rollins: Boston dentist who developed the first dental x-ray unit
- Frank Van Woert: NYC dentist who was the first to use film in intraoral radiography
- Howard Riley Raper: Indiana University professor who established the first college
course in radiography for dental students
Describe the history of dental x-ray equipment and film. correct answers History of
dental x-ray equipment: In 1913, Coolidge (electrical engineer) developed the first hot-
cathode x-ray tube, a high-vacuum that contained tungsten filament. In 1923, miniature
version of the x-ray tube was placed inside the head of an x-ray machine and immersed
in oil by Victor X-Ray Corporation of Chicago. In 1933, a new machine with improved
features was introduced by General Electric. In 1957, a variable kilovoltage machine
was introduced. In 1966, a recessed long-beam tubehead was introduced.
History of dental x-ray film: In 1913, Eastman Kodak Company manufactured the first
prewrapped intraoral films and consequently increased the acceptance and use of x-
rays in dentistry. In 1920, the first machine-made periapical film packets became
available. Present fast films have improved greatly in reducing the patient's exposure to
radiation than the ones in 1920 (less than 2% exposure time)
Discuss the purpose and uses of occlusal films. correct answers used for examination
of large areas of the maxilla or the mandible
,Describe film placement for maxillary and mandibular occlusal radiographs. correct
answers Tube side/stipled side always facing the teeth; use size 4 film
Maxillary: PID placed in between eyebrows/nose bridge at +65 degrees
Mandibular: PID placed underneath chin at -55 degrees
*+60 degrees for maxillary on children and -55 degrees for mandibular
State patient position for maxillary and mandibular occlusal radiographs. correct
answers Maxillary: position the patient with the maxillary arch parallel to the floor
Mandibular: position the patient with mandibular arch parallel to the floor; chin up
Discuss primary purpose and use of bitewing films. correct answers used to examine
the crowns of both maxillary and mandibular teeth on one film; is useful in examining
interproximal/adjacent tooth surfaces
Compare open and overlapped contact areas on dental radiograph. correct answers
Open: tooth are not touching
Overlapped: tooth are touching
Describe principles of the bitewing exposure technique. correct answers 1. The
receptor is placed in the mouth PARALLEL to the crowns of both maxillary and
mandibular teeth.
2. The receptor is stabilized when the patient bites on the bite-wing tab or the bite-block
of the beam alignment device.
3. When using a bite-wing tab, the central ray of the x-ray beam is directed through the
contacts of teeth, using a vertical angulation of +10 degrees.
Discuss correct and incorrect horizontal and vertical angulation. correct answers
Horizontal angulation: correct way - the central ray is directed perpendicular to the
curvature of the arch and through the contact areas of the teeth; incorrect way - results
in overlapped areas
Vertical angulation: correct way - vertical angulation of +10 degrees; incorrect way -
results in a distorted image, a bite-wing image exposed with an excessive negative
vertical angulation is nondiagnostic
State the difference between positive and negative vertical angulation. correct answers
Positive Vertical Angulation: when the PID is positioned ABOVE the occlusal plane and
the central ray is directed DOWNWARD
Negative Vertical Angulation: when the PID is positioned BELOW the occlusal plane
and the central is directed UPWARD
, *Vertical Angulation should be set at +10 degrees for bitewings
Describe film placement for premolar and molar bitewings. correct answers Premolar
bitewings: Lower half of the receptor between the patient's tongue and teeth. Place the
biting surface of the tab on the occlusal surfaces of mandibular teeth. Center the
receptor on the mandibular 2nd premolar; the front edge of the receptor should be
aligned with the midline of the mandibular canine.
Molar bitewings: Lower half of the receptor between the patient's tongue and teeth.
Place the biting surface of the tab on the occlusal surfaces of mandibular teeth. Center
the receptor on the mandibular 2nd molar; the front edge of the receptor should be
aligned with the midline of the mandibular second premolar.
State patient position for maxillary and mandibular bitewings. correct answers Make
sure that the patient's occlusal plane is parallel to the floor. If necessary, ask the patient
to lower their chin.
Discuss the different types of filtration. correct answers - Inherent Filtration: takes place
when the primary beam passes through the glass window of the x-ray tube, the
insulating oil, and the tubehead seal; equivalent to ~0.5 to 1.0 mm of aluminum.
- Added Filtration: the placement of aluminum disks in the path of the x-ray beam
between the collimator and the tubehead seal in the dental x-ray machine; purpose of
aluminum disks is to filter out the longer-wavelength, low energy x-rays from the x-ray
beam.
Discuss the recommended total filtration for dental x-ray machines operating above and
below 70 kVp. correct answers Below 70kVp: Minimum total of 1.5 mm of aluminum
Above 70 kVp: Minimum total of 2.5 mm of aluminum
Define collimation. correct answers The restriction of the size and shape of the x-ray
beam in order to reduce patient exposure.
Discuss the two types of collimation and describe the diameter of the useful beam of
each collimator. correct answers - CIRCULATOR collimator: produces a cone-shaped
beam that is 2.75 inches in diameter, considerably larger than a size 2 intraoral
receptor.
- RECTANGULAR collimator: restricts the size of the x-ray beam to an area slightly
larger than a size 2 intraoral receptor and significantly reduces patient exposure;
exposes 60% less tissue than a circular collimator.
Discuss the three basic types of the position indicating devices (PID). correct answers -
Closed pointed plastic cone: used on early dental x-ray machines. When the x-rays
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