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MCPHS A&P 1 - Exam 1 Study Guide

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MCPHS A&P 1 - Exam 1 Study Guide Anatomy - answerScientific discipline that investigates the body's structure Physiology - answerScientific investigation of the processes or functions of living things Systemic Anatomy - answerStudied system by system Surface Anatomy - answerExternal form and re...

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  • August 28, 2024
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©THEBRIGHT EXAM STUDY SOLUTIONS 8/27/2024 12:01 PM




MCPHS A&P 1 - Exam 1 Study Guide

Anatomy - answer✔✔Scientific discipline that investigates the body's structure

Physiology - answer✔✔Scientific investigation of the processes or functions of living things

Systemic Anatomy - answer✔✔Studied system by system

Surface Anatomy - answer✔✔External form and relation to deeper structures as x-ray in
anatomic imaging

Cytology - answer✔✔Cellular anatomy

Histology - answer✔✔Study of tissues

Microscopic anatomy - answer✔✔Includes cytology and histology; structures that must be
examined with a microscope

Cell Physiology - answer✔✔Exams processes in cells

Systemic Physiology - answer✔✔Functions of organ systems

Nuerophysiology - answer✔✔Focuses on the nervous system

Cardiovascular Physiology - answer✔✔The heart and blood vessels

Pathology - answer✔✔Structural and functional changes caused by disease

Exercise Physiology - answer✔✔Changes in structure and function caused by exercise

Chemical Level - answer✔✔Interaction of atoms

Cell Level - answer✔✔Structural and functional unit of living organisms

Tissue Level - answer✔✔Group of similar cells and the materials surrounding them

Organ Level - answer✔✔One or more tissues functioning together

Organ System Level - answer✔✔Group of organs functioning together

Organism level - answer✔✔Any Living Thing

, ©THEBRIGHT EXAM STUDY SOLUTIONS 8/27/2024 12:01 PM


Structural and Functional Organization of the Human Body - answer✔✔atoms -> molecules ->
cell -> tissue -> organ -> organ system -> organism

Major Organs of the Body - answer✔✔Brain, spinal cord, lung, heart, liver, spleen, pancreas,
stomach, gallbladder, kidneys, small intestine, large intestine, urinary bladder

Integumentary System Functions - answer✔✔Provide protection, regulate temperature, prevents
water loss, and helps produce vitamin D

Integumentary System - answer✔✔Consists of skin, hair, nails, and sweat glands

Skeletal System Functions - answer✔✔Provides protection and support, allows body
movements, produces blood cells, and stores minerals and fats

Skeletal System - answer✔✔Consists of bones, associated cartilages, ligaments, and joints

Muscular System Functions - answer✔✔Produces body movements, maintains posture, and
produces body heat

Muscular System - answer✔✔Consists of muscles attached to the skeleton by tendons

Lymphatic System Functions - answer✔✔Removes foreign substances from the blood and
lymph, combats disease, maintains tissue fluid balance, and absorbs fats from the digestive tract

Lymphatic System - answer✔✔Consists of the lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, and other
lymphatic organs

Respiratory System Functions - answer✔✔Consists of the lungs and respiratory passages

Respiratory System - answer✔✔Consists of the lungs and respiratory passages

Digestive System Functions - answer✔✔Performs the mechanical and chemical processes of
digestion, absorption of nutrients, and elimination of wastes

Digestive System - answer✔✔Consists of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, and
accessory organ

Nervous System Functions - answer✔✔A major regulatory system that detects sensations and
controls movements, physiological processes, and intellectual functions

Nervous System - answer✔✔Consists of the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory receptors

Endocrine System Functions - answer✔✔A major regulatory system that influences metabolism,
growth, reproduction, and many other functions

Endocrine System - answer✔✔Consists of glands, such as the pituitary, that secrete hormones

, ©THEBRIGHT EXAM STUDY SOLUTIONS 8/27/2024 12:01 PM


Cardiovascular System Functions - answer✔✔Transports nutrients, waste products, gases, and
hormones throughout the body; plays a role in the immune response and regulation of body
temperature

Cardiovascular System - answer✔✔Consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood

Urinary System Functions - answer✔✔Remove waste products from the blood and regulates
blood pH, ion balance, and water

Urinary System - answer✔✔Consists of the kidneys, urinary bladder, and ducts that carry urine

Female Reproductive System Functions - answer✔✔Produces oocytes and is the site of
fertilization and fetal development; produces milk for newborn; produces hormones that
influence sexual function and behaviors

Female Reproductive System - answer✔✔Consists of ovaries, vagina, uterus, mammary glands,
and associated structures

Male Reproductive System Functions - answer✔✔Produces and transfers sperm cells to the
female and produces hormones that influence sexual functions and behaviors

Male Reproductive System - answer✔✔Consists of the testes, accessory structures, ducts, and
penis

Characteristics of Life - answer✔✔Organization, Metabolism, Responsiveness, Growth,
Development, Differentiation, Morphogenesis, Reproduction

Organization - answer✔✔Condition in which there are specific relationships and functions

Metabolism - answer✔✔All chemical reactions of the body

Responsiveness - answer✔✔Abiilty to sense changes and adjust

Growth - answer✔✔Increases in size and/or number of cells

Development - answer✔✔Changes in an organism over time

Differentiation - answer✔✔Changes from general to specific

Morphogenesis - answer✔✔Changes in shape of tissues, organs

Reproduction - answer✔✔New cells or new organisms

Biomedical Research - answer✔✔Shared characteristics between living things drive research

Mammalian Research - answer✔✔Furthers human surgery and medicine

, ©THEBRIGHT EXAM STUDY SOLUTIONS 8/27/2024 12:01 PM


Homeostasis - answer✔✔Maintenance of relatively constant internal environment within the
body

Set Point - answer✔✔The ideal normal value of a variable

Negative Feedback - answer✔✔Regulates most systems in the body; counteracts a change in a
variable to help maintain homeostasis; uses a receptor, control center, and effector

Stimulus - answer✔✔Deviation from the set point; detected by the receptor

Negative Feedback Mechanism: Body Temperature - answer✔✔1. Receptors monitor the value
of a variable (skin monitors body temperature). 2. Information about the value of the variable is
sent to the control center; the control center (brain) compares the value against the set point. 3. If
a response is necessary, the control center causes an effector to respond (sweat glands). 4. Once
the value of the variable has returned to the set point the control center shuts off its control of the
effector (sweating stops). [decreased temp = decrease stimulation of sweat glands and blood
vessels constrict; skeletal muscle contractions cause shivering]

Changes of Blood Pressure During Exercise - answer✔✔See Diagram

Positive Feedback - answer✔✔When a deviation occurs, the response is to make the deviation
greater; unusual in normal, healthy individuals

Normal Positive Feedback - answer✔✔Childbirth

Harmful Positive Feedback - answer✔✔After hemorrhage, blood pressure drops and the heart's
ability to pump blood decreases

Positive Feedback Diagram - answer✔✔See Diagram

Negative Feedback Diagram - answer✔✔See Diagram

Anatomical Position - answer✔✔Body erect, face forward, feet together, palms face forward

Supine - answer✔✔Lying face forward

Prone - answer✔✔Lying face downward

Superior (Cephalic) vs. Inferior (Caudal) - answer✔✔Toward or away from the head

Medial vs Lateral - answer✔✔Relative to the midline

Proximal vs Distal - answer✔✔Used to describe linear structures

Superficial vs Deep - answer✔✔Relative to the surface of the body

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