Definition of shock syndrome characterized by decreased tissue perfusion and impaired cellular metabolism
what are the 4 types of shock? cardiogenic, hypovolemic, distributive, obstructive
What do we as nurses check to ensure the patient is receiving adequate delivery of blood? cardiac output, he...
NUR 426 Exam 2 Questions and Verified
Answers
Definition of shock ✅syndrome characterized by decreased tissue perfusion and
impaired cellular metabolism
what are the 4 types of shock? ✅cardiogenic, hypovolemic, distributive, obstructive
What do we as nurses check to ensure the patient is receiving adequate delivery of
blood? ✅cardiac output, hemoglobin, SaO2
What results from shock? ✅an imbalance between the supply of and demand of O2
and nutrients
What is the most common manifestation in all types of shock? ✅hypotension; anything
= to or less than 90/60
What does blood pressure tell us? ✅tells us how much blood is getting shunted to the
rest of the body; its the measurement of force applied to the artery walls
BP= ___ x___ ✅CO X SRV
Cardiac output ✅how much blood you eject per min; CO= HR x SV (4-8 L/min)
What is stroke volume determined by? ✅1. myocardial contractility
2. cardiac afterload
3. cardiac preload
What primarily controls the heart rate? ✅autonomic nervous system
What is preload? ✅this is the volume of blood in the ventricles at end of diastole
It is increased in:
- hypervolemia
- regurgitation of cardiac valves
- heart failure
What is afterload? ✅this is the resistance left ventricle must overcome to circulate
blood
It is increased in:
- HTN
- vasoconstriction
, increased workload= increased cardiac workload
Where does the PA catheter go into? ✅right atrium; inflate ballon in the pulmonary
artery and measures the pulmonary capillary pressure which reflects left ventricular and
end-diastolic pressure
What is normal PA wedge pressure? ✅5-8 mm Hg
What is SvO2? ✅saturation of the venous O2- what is leftover of what the body took
after going through it
What is a normal range for SvO2? ✅60-80%! usually around 25-30% is taken
away/subtracted from original amount
What are VBG? ✅venous blood gases; can be taken from central line; shows a
reflection of CO, CI if low
What does a low cardiac index (CI)? ✅less than 60; means that the body is taking
more 02 than it normally should; something is wrong, organs are extracting more than
they should, demanding more..
What do you use to measure after load? ✅arterial blood pressure
What do you use to measure preload? ✅PAWP
What do you use to measure contractility? ✅no direct measurement but other numbers
can reflect it
What are the four stages of shock? ✅1. initial - not clinically apparent
2. compensatory stage
3. progressive stage
4. refractory stage
What kind of feedings should one receive when dealing with shock? ✅eternal
feedings- trophic feedings are ideal sine they have decreased motility
When caring for a pt in shock, what do we want their glucose levels to stay within?
✅ideally less than 200
How would we prevent ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP)? ✅provide oral care,
brush teeth 2x day, suctioning secretions, elevate HOB at least 30 degrees, wean off
vent asap
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