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NR 283 Final Exam Review Questions And Correct Answers

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NR 283 Final Exam Review Questions And Correct Answers Osetoporosis - answerDecreased Bone Mineral Density Osteoporosis Pathophysiology - answerBone remodeling leads to increased bone reabsorption, leads to decreased bone formation causing thin fragile bones leading to fractures. Increased ost...

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  • August 28, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • NR 283
  • NR 283
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©THEBRIGHT EXAM STUDY SOLUTIONS 8/26/2024 11:32 AM



NR 283 Final Exam Review Questions And
Correct Answers


Osetoporosis - answer✔✔Decreased Bone Mineral Density

Osteoporosis Pathophysiology - answer✔✔Bone remodeling leads to increased bone
reabsorption, leads to decreased bone formation causing thin fragile bones leading to fractures.
Increased osteoclast activity and decreased osteoblast activity.

Risk factors for Osteoporosis - answer✔✔1. Postmenopausal women
2. Aging
3. Sedentary Lifestyle
4. Hyperthyroidism
5. Smoking

Rheumatoid Arthritis - answer✔✔Autoimmune disorder causing chronic systemic inflammation

Pathophysiology Rheumatoid Arthritis - answer✔✔1. Neutrophils degrade surface layer of
cartilage
2. Inflammatory cytokines breakdown cartilage & bone
3. T-Cells cause fibroblasts to turn into a thick abnormal layer of tissue
4. Inflammation is constant & spreads to ALL synovial joints

Difference between Osteoarthritis & Rheumatoid Arthritis - answer✔✔Osteoarthritis is a
degenerative condition due to "wear and tear" cartilage breaks down causing stiff joints and pain.
Rheumatoid arthritis is a systemic autoimmune disorder. Additional symptoms include fever and
affects all synovial joints.

Acute Pain - answer✔✔Condition last < 3 months. Body's protective mechanism. Can be
classified as somatic, visceral, or referred.

Chronic pain - answer✔✔Lasts > 6 months. Non-protective, Poorly understood.

, ©THEBRIGHT EXAM STUDY SOLUTIONS 8/26/2024 11:32 AM


Neuropathic pain - answer✔✔Dysfunction of the nervous system. i.e. Fibromyalgia

Pain management - answer✔✔What is the treatment that increases or decreases transmission of
pain signals.

Neurotransmitters - answer✔✔What are the chemicals that the nervous system uses to
communicate with a brain.

Pain Transduction - answer✔✔Nociceptors receptor at the end of a sensory neuron's axon that
responds to damaging or potentially damaging stimuli by sending possible threat signals to the
spinal cord and the brain

Pain transmission - answer✔✔What pain pathway signal goes to the central nervous system

Pain perception - answer✔✔Pain pathway how the brain interprets the pain signal

Pain threshold - answer✔✔Minimum amount of stimuli that it takes for you to perceive pain.
This pathway is the same for everyone

Pain tolerance - answer✔✔The amount of pain the body can handle before you involuntarily
remove the stimuli.

Afferent - answer✔✔The type of pain that transmit from the peripheral nervous system to the
central nervous system

Efferent - answer✔✔When the pain goes from the central nervous system to the peripheral
nervous system tell somebody how to react.

Endorphins - answer✔✔Chemicals released usually during exercise to prevent pain transmission
signals.

Serotonin and GABA - answer✔✔What chemical reduces translation of pain. This usually
happens after the labor/childbirth

Seizures - answer✔✔This condition as a result of massive firing of neurons all at the same time.

Why are seizures life-threatening? - answer✔✔Can cause aspiration, trauma, hypoxia,
hypoglycemia.

What are typical causes of seizures? - answer✔✔Metabolic, congenital, genetic, prenatal,
trauma, infection, tumor, vascular disease, drugs and alcohol abuse.

Preictal phase (prodromal) - answer✔✔Seizure phase where the patient experiences nausea,
irritabliliy, muscle twitching, and hours before the event.

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