NUR 426 Exam 3 Study Questions and
Correct Answers
What does it mean when the values are high and low for INR ✅low: at risk for clotting
High: at risk for bleeding
What does it mean when the values are high and low for aptt ✅low: at risk for clotting
High: at risk for bleeding
What does it mean when the values are high and low for rbcs ✅low: anemia, blood
loss, hemodilution
High: polycythemia, dehydration, stress, hypoxia
What does it mean when the values are high and low for hematocrit ✅low: anemia,
blood loss, hemodilution, CKD, acute blood loss
High: polycythemia, dehydration, decreased O2, exposure to low altitudes
What does it mean when the values are high and low for BUN ✅low: overhydration,
malnutrition, lack of protein
High: dehydration, kidney dysfunction, high protein diet, CKD, AKI
What does it mean when the values are high and low for Creatinine ✅low: liver injury,
malnutrition, muscle atrophy, lack of protein intake
High: kidney damage, dehydration, nephrotoxic meds, obstruction in urinary tract, CKD,
AKI, excess protein intake
What does it mean when the values are high and low for platelets ✅low: at risk for
bleeding
High: at risk for clotting/thrombosis, liver injury, infection
What does it mean when the values are high and low for hemoglobin A1C ✅low: WNL
High: diabetes >6.5%
What does it mean when the values are high and low for glucose ✅low hypoglycemia
(shaking, tremors, diaphoresis, claminess), excess insulin intake, alcohol, fasting
High: hyperglycemia(hot, polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia), stress, ilness, carb intake,
DKA
What does it mean when the values are high and low for sodium ✅low: overhydration,
diuretic use, vomitting, diarrhea, NPO, certain meds, SIADH, CHF
High: dehydration, kidney dysfunction, excess Na+ intake, hormonal balances, DI, CKD
, What does it mean when the values are high and low for potassium ✅low: arrythmias
(U-wave), bilat flaccid muscle weakness, abd distention, constipation, postural
hypotension, polyuria, insulin use, diuretics, vomiting, diarrhea
High: arrhythmias (peaked T-wave, widened QRS), bilat flaccid ascending muscle
weakness, cardiac arrest, CKD, AKI, hyperglycemia, K+ sparing diuretics
What does it mean when the values are high and low for calcium ✅low:
hypoparathyroidism, low vitamin D intake, CKD, AKI, hypoalbuminemia, malabsorption
disorder, low calcium intake, hyperphosphatemia, glucocorticoids
High: hyperparathyroidism, cancer, hyperthyroidism, kidney disease, certain meds,
excess calcium or vitamin D supplements, metabolic acidosis
What does it mean when the values are high and low for lactate ✅it is a marker for
hypoperfusion and tissue hypoxia in sepsis
Low: N/A
High: sepsis (high HR, low BP, fever, high WBC), shock, severe dehydration, liver
damage
What is albuterol used for and some AR ✅long-term management of asthma, prevents
exercise induced bronchospasms, treatment of ongoing asthma exacerbations
AR: palpitations, nervousness, chest pain, restlessness, tremors, high HR
- avoid caffeine, report chest pain, use short acting agents for acute and long acting for
long-term control
What is 3& nacl used for and some AR ✅it is a hypertonic solution that treats IICP,
cerebral edemia, hydrocephalus, SIADH (corrects low Na+ levels)
S/s: HTN, HA, ALOC
Monitor BP and neuro status, admin slowly
What is metoprolol used for and some AR ✅treats HTN, angina pectoris, cardiac
dysrhythmias, HF.
S/s: bradycardia (do not give if HR<60), HF (SOB, edema, cough), rebound excitation
causing chest pain, reduced CO. Do not stop taking abruptly
Why would you transfuse platelets ✅<20K puts pt at risk for spontaneous bleeding.
Greater than normal puts pt at risk for clots, stroke, MI
What is FFP used for? ✅it is the liquid portion of whole blood that is separated from
cells and is frozen, it includes lots of clotting factors but no platelets, 250-300ml. Used
for bleeding due to deficiency of clotting factors, DIC, hemorrhage, liver disease, vitamin
K deficiency, excess warfarin, correction of abnormal INR/PTT
What is vasopressin used for and some AR ✅treats DI: helps reduce the amount of
urine produced and control fluid balance in the body, increases BP.
AR: fluid retention, hyponatremia, seizure, nausea, GI upset, edema
