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NUR 426 Exam 2 Sirs & Mods Questions and Correct Answers

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*Response to something- remote response- the body is overly dramatic- Generalized inflammation- at a cellular level- you cannot see it- cellular damage from inflammation- -infection (sepsis) -ischemia -infarction -injury Causes of SIRS *sepsis -microbial invasion (bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasi...

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  • August 28, 2024
  • 14
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • NUR 426
  • NUR 426
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NUR 426 Exam 2 Sirs & Mods Questions
and Correct Answers
*Response to something- remote response- the body is overly dramatic- Generalized
inflammation- at a cellular level- you cannot see it- cellular damage from inflammation-

-infection (sepsis)
-ischemia
-infarction
-injury ✅Causes of SIRS

*sepsis
-microbial invasion (bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites)
-endotoxin release (Gram NEGATIVE/POSITIVE)

*abscess formation
-intraabdominal
-extremities ✅infection that causes SIRS

*ISCHEMIC OR NECROTIC TISSUE
-myocardial infarction
-vascular disease
-infarcted bowel
-pancreatitis

*GLOBAL PERFUSION DEFICITS
-post-cardiac resuscitation
-shock states/prolonged hypotension

*REGIONAL PERFUSION DEFICITS
-distal perfusion deficits ✅INFARCTION & ISCHEMIA causing SIRS

*MECHANICAL TISSUE TRAUMA
-burns (3RD DEGREE; MUCH OF THE BODY)
-crush injuries
-surgical procedures ✅INJURY causing SIRS

•Neutrophils entrapment- first responders in the immune system response- release too
many of them- so not helpful anymore and get in the way and too crowded
•Endothelium damage- fluid seeps out


-release of mediators

, -hypermetabolism
-Activation of coagulation cascade


*hypotension, decreased perfusion, microemboli, and redistributed or shunted blood
flow eventually comprimise organ perfusion ✅Pathophysiology of MODS

•Dilated- and have damage that allows the fluid to seep out causing edema in the
tissues
•Neutrophils- traffic and crowding ✅SIRS PATHO: Capillary Permeability

*2 out of 4 criteria*

-Temp > 38 ºC (100.5º F) or < 36 ºC (96.8º F)

-Respiratory rate> 20 or PaCO2 <32 (why is CO2 low? Blowing off so much)

-Heart rate >90

-White blood cells >12,000 or <4,000 or >10% bands (immature WBC) ✅SIRS Criteria

Sepsis ✅SIRS + confirmed Infection (culture)=

Septic Shock ✅Sepsis + LOW B/P despite fluids

*failure of two or more organ systems

-MODS mortality rates are 70% to 80% when three or more organ systems fail
-Results from SIRS
-Associated with widespread endothelial and cell injury
-Homeostasis cannot be maintained without intervention
-The respiratory system is often the first system to show signs of dysfunction in SIRS
and MODS, often culminating in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
-Cardiovascular changes, neurologic dysfunction, acute kidney injury, DIC, GI
dysfunction, and liver dysfunction are common

*•When it gets to 3 or more organ failures, you're SOL (crap out of luck)
•They have to have LOTSSSS of interventions ✅Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome
(MODS)

-Direct damage to the endothelium --> Increase in vascular permeability --> Mediators
and protein leak out of endothelium into interstitial space --> Hypotension and
decreased perfusion ✅Patho of SIRS: RELEASE OF MEDIATORS

Formation of microemboli ✅Patho of MODS: Activation of coagulation cascade

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